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At the same time, in many parts of the country, smart manufacturing, sharing economy and other new technologies and new models have emerged frequently. Some new industrial clusters have quietly emerged. Many high-tech products have been successfully developed, which has made "Made in China" increase "high-end". temperament".
How to judge the true state of "Made in China" - is it in the historical low or the eve of the outbreak? In the second half of 2017 and even in the future, where does China's manufacturing industry go? The "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter recently went to Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places to interview and investigate.
Increasing pressure on business operations, "off the real to virtual" does not affect the fundamentals of smart phone manufacturers dragon flag Electronics (Huizhou) Co., Ltd. Chairman Gezhen Gang, despite good development momentum, but external pressure is not reduced. For companies, making money requires innovation, and innovation requires money first.
“The requirements for financing are getting higher and higher, and the cost is also rising. It’s getting harder and harder to do business.†Ge Zhengang said that two companies in the same period as Longji have been transferred to real estate, while the other has transferred to real estate. The sale was completed and completely separated from the physical field. Only we persisted.
The pressure of Ge Zhengang is not a case. The reporter visited and found that raising money and earning money are two major problems facing China's manufacturing industry in the first half of the year.
--Financing Difficulties. Corresponding to the high returns of the hot real estate market and investment in some financial sectors in recent years, private investment is not prosperous. The virtual economy is effective, and people are not willing to spend a lot of money on industry. In the context of de-capacity and deleveraging, banks have adjusted their credit policies, and the pressure on some corporate cash flows has increased sharply.
- The income is difficult. On the one hand, the comprehensive costs of energy, labor, logistics, and management have risen. On the one hand, the products have low technological content, low added value, and low levels of redundant construction. The manufacturing enterprises have weaker profitability and increased operational pressure.
The "Made in China 2025 Blue Book (2017)" issued by the National Manufacturing Powerful Country Construction Strategy Advisory Committee shows that the income gap between China's industry and real estate, financial industry, etc. has increased, and some funds have been withdrawn from the physical sector. According to estimates, the average profit rate of the industrial sector is currently around 6%, and the operating profit margin of the banking industry is seven times that of the industrial sector.
"I graduated from the automation major. Many of my classmates have now switched to finance, and there are not many companies left in the manufacturing industry." A chief engineer of a company engaged in the research and development of magnetic bearings in Tianjin told reporters that too much hard work and low returns are many entities in the real economy. The common feeling of the people. If you can't make money, you can't keep people. Without talent, innovation and development are difficult to sustain. Under the trend of “de-realityâ€, people began to worry about the domino effect.
Lin Zhongqin, president of Shanghai Jiaotong University, believes that “the real problem of detachment from reality†has both external factors and the problem that China’s manufacturing “gold content†is not high. The more the economy faces downward pressure, the more it cannot ignore the risk of structural imbalances.
In the view of Xin Guobin, deputy minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, it is necessary to fully realize the vigilance brought about by the "de-realization" and see the gap between the "Made in China" and the developed countries in terms of product quality, scientific and technological content, clean and environmental protection, and transformation. Urgency. But he also pointed out that it is not necessary to exaggerate problems and risks, and sing the manufacturing industry.
Statistics released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first half of the year, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.9% year-on-year. Manufacturing investment increased by 5.5%, 0.4 percentage points faster than that of January-May, and the growth rate rebounded.
Xin Guobin said that “the realism of the real world†has not affected the fundamentals. Many manufacturing enterprises are turning the cost pressure into a transformational drive, and continue to innovate along with high-end, information, intelligence and green.
The environment has forced the enterprise to be innovative, and the "Made in China" attacked the reporters in the field. It is found that under the pressure of the environment, the sense of innovation and enthusiasm of enterprises has been strengthened, new technologies and new models have emerged, and the innovation between industries and regions has been gradually promoted.
At an international dealer conference held in March this year, Wang Xiaojin, director of Guangzhou Intelligent Factory of Midea Group's air-conditioning business unit, showed the latest “smart factory†to the global market with video connection – more than 100 robots and machinery. The arm performs the steps of bending the copper tube, placing the compressor, and assembling the components in an orderly manner. Through mobile phones and tablets, managers can supervise all aspects of production in real time.
Gu Yanmin, vice president of Midea Group, said that smart manufacturing changes not only efficiency. Driven by new technologies, everyone can “talk†to the factory, and consumption upgrades also have a solid industrial base. Midea uses intelligent technology to resolve cost pressures and open up new market space.
Li Beiguang, deputy director of the Planning Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the integration of information technology into traditional manufacturing is the "golden key" for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. It has been widely practiced in many fields such as clothing, home appliances and equipment manufacturing, and has not only solved the excess stock. Problems such as low efficiency have also spawned new formats such as sharing economy and crowdsourcing.
In addition, “Made in China†is also attacking the frontier: Shandong Huaxing Environmental Protection Group has developed a low-density and high-strength petroleum fracturing proppant to break the monopoly of foreign companies on petroleum mining materials; 5G jointly developed and deployed by China Mobile and ZTE The test base station realized a single-terminal downlink peak rate of more than 2 gigabits per second; the "Shenwei·Taihu Light" with the domestic CPU became the world's first supercomputer with a computing speed of more than one billion times per second...
Fan Shujian, deputy director of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the pace of innovation in manufacturing is accelerating, and significant progress has been made in research in various fields such as transparent display technology and lithium-ion batteries, or it will lead new industries.
The flow of innovation factors has gathered to break the traditional development pattern, and a number of new industrial clusters are emerging. Hunan Zhuzhou’s “Power Valleyâ€, Wuhan’s “Optical Valleyâ€, Shenzhen’s UAVs... actively absorb and transplant high-end production factors and advanced sharing technologies, and inter-regional industries are more balanced, and the “new map†of manufacturing is emerging. water surface.
The data shows that in the first half of the year, the added value of China's high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 13.1% and 11.5% respectively, accounting for 12.2% and 32.3% respectively. The manufacturing industry is moving towards the middle and high end.
"In the medium and long term, China's manufacturing industry is on the 'eve of the outbreak'. Although the overall transition has not yet been achieved, the pressure for transformation and upgrading is still great, but the trend is becoming clearer." China Electronics and Information Industry Development Research Institute Institute of Equipment Industry Mr. Zuo Shiquan said that the overall transformation of manufacturing powers such as Germany and Japan took 20 or 30 years. For the prospect of "Made in China", we must maintain rationality and optimism.
How will the Chinese manufacturing industry get out of the woods in the future?
Since the beginning of this year, governments at all levels have paid more attention to the supply side. Some mechanisms focusing on the medium and long-term are being gradually established: cleaning up the non-tax revenue of the government in the energy sector, reducing the occupation fee of the telecommunication network code number, and the relevant license fees of the public security department. Administrative and professional fees, promote logistics to reduce costs...
The state has proposed a very specific reform plan for cost reduction. According to official data, with the implementation of a number of new tax reduction and fee reduction measures, the “cost reduction†measures that have been implemented this year will reduce the burden of enterprises by more than 1 trillion yuan per year.
One side is to reduce costs, and the other is to find "live water." From the pilot work of innovation and entrepreneurship debt to the optimization of the capital formation mechanism of SMEs, from broadening social financing channels to deepening real estate regulation and control, managing “adding leverage†behavior, and guiding capital injection into the entity, the manufacturing industry, especially the financing difficulties of SMEs It is easing.
Zhu Zhixin, deputy director of China International Economic Exchange Center, believes that the structural contradictions facing the manufacturing industry are on the surface of distortions in factor allocation, and the root causes are institutional barriers. At the market system level, improve market access, market transactions, factor flow and other systems; at the enterprise development level, stimulate innovation, protect property rights, reduce burdens, break monopoly; at the government management level, simplify government decentralization, build platforms, and innovate services.
The manufacturing industry itself is undergoing changes. When notebook OEMs accounted for half of the world's work 12 years ago, Kunshan realized that “the lack of core and less screen†was unsustainable. Kunshan, Jiangsu, which used to be the world's largest notebook computer production base, is shifting from a foundry computer to a smart phone with higher added value. The independent intellectual property rights continue to incubate and push the Kunshan electronic information industry to “high-endâ€.
Under the guidance of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the local government, China has gradually introduced demonstration pilot cities for manufacturing, and promoted the formation of a new pattern of manufacturing development based on local conditions, regional linkages and dislocation competition.
Xin Guobin said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will expand the coverage of pilot demonstration cities (groups), select 20 to 30 cities with good basic conditions and demonstrations, and continue to carry out the “Made in China 2025†pilot demonstration. Develop high-quality manufacturing and increase the "gold content".
The state and industry have introduced a series of support and guidance measures. For example, the establishment of a national-level innovation center to promote the transformation of more scientific research results into productivity; accelerate the integration of domestic quality and safety standards with the international, establish a traceability system, fill in short-term quality; introduce a pilot of insurance compensation mechanism, improve the fault-tolerant mechanism for innovation, and accelerate Industrial application of innovation results...
Xin Guobin said that in 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will also select a group of projects that have long restricted the development of the industry and are expected to make breakthroughs in the next two to three years, and focus on the establishment of the China Manufacturing 2025 Development Fund to encourage financial institutions to conduct IP pledge financing to enterprises. At the same time, strengthen intellectual property protection, so that enterprises can get the rewards they deserve from innovation.
“Technology determines the “segment†of manufacturing upgrades, and the reform determines the speed of manufacturing leapfrogging,†said Lu Shan, dean of China Electronics Information Industry Development Research Institute.
Survey of China's manufacturing status: Is it in the historical low or the eve of the outbreak?
Abstract In the first half of this year, the downward pressure on the economy was high. The prices of some cities were rising. Many manufacturing companies were difficult to finance and burdened. Some people worried that the Chinese economy is “de-solid†and the manufacturing industry is at a historical low. At the same time, in many places across the country...
In the first half of this year, the downward pressure on the economy was high. In some cities, housing prices rose significantly. Many manufacturing companies have difficulty in financing and heavy burdens. Some people worry that the Chinese economy is “de-solid†and the manufacturing industry is at a historical low.