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Three points of rational fertilization
1. Application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer
It is best to use refined organic fertilizer for organic fertilizer. The average crop is applied about 200 kg per mu per season, and the application time is 7 to 15 days before crop planting or transplanting. There are two main methods for applying organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer: the first one is organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is used as top dressing or seed fertilizer application; the second is direct mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, it is necessary to pay attention to both Can not be mixed arbitrarily, some mixing to improve fertilizer efficiency, and some to reduce fertilizer efficiency, such as nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and unfertilized organic fertilizer mixed together, under anaerobic conditions, due to denitrification, easy to cause nitrate nitrogen to run away And loss of nutrients.
Second, chemical fertilizer deep application
The deep application of chemical fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. If mechanized deep application, the average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer can be increased from 30% to 40%. The deep application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can reduce the loss of wind erosion, promote absorption, prolong fertilizer efficiency and improve utilization rate. Can increase production, the yield increase can generally reach 5% to 15%. Mechanized deep application can also avoid burning, improve efficacy and reduce pollution.
Deep application of chemical fertilizer can be divided into three categories: (1) deep application of bottom fertilizer. There are two methods: one is to first plough and then plough; the other is to apply fertilizer to the furrow while ploughing, and the second method is better. The fertilizer application depth is 6 cm, the width of the fertilizer belt is 3 to 5 cm, the fertilizer is uniform and continuous, and there is no obvious broken strip. The amount of fertilizer can meet the needs of crop cultivation. (2) The planting of the month is deep. It is required to form a certain thickness between the seed and the fertilizer, generally more than 3 cm, which not only meets the nutrient requirement of the crop seedling growth, but also avoids the phenomenon of burning and burning. (3) Deep application of topdressing. The depth of top dressing should be 6-10 cm. The topdressing position should be between 10 and 20 cm on both sides of the crop line, and the width of the fertilizer belt should be more than 3 cm. There is no obvious broken strip and the cover is tight after fertilization.
Third, vigorously promote balanced fertilization
The technology can increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer by 5% to 10%, and the yield increase is 8% to 10%. It is based on crop fertilizer requirements, soil fertility performance and fertilizer effect. Under the premise of applying organic fertilizer, the suitable dosage and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer and corresponding fertilization techniques are proposed. The use of this technology focuses on several aspects: First, the testing of soil and fertilizer. Understand the soil and crop nutrient conditions to determine the proportion and quantity of various fertilizers and formulations, and provide a basis for scientific fertilization. The second is fertilizer testing and fertilization recommendations. After testing and demonstration, explore the fertilization parameters to find the best fertilization plan. The third is to prepare special fertilizer. According to the high-efficiency fertilization formula, the processing produces a special fertilizer with high specificity and high technical content to supply farmers. The fourth is to use advanced and practical supporting fertilization methods for fertilization. Pay attention to the principle of improving fertilizer yield increase, and determine the key period of topdressing, such as crop nutrient critical period and fertilizer maximum efficiency period.
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