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I. Basic situation of the development of SMEs in China
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the beginning of the new century, China's small and medium-sized enterprises have continued to grow and develop, and have become an important force in China's national economic and social development. They are playing an increasingly important role in prospering the economy, increasing employment, promoting innovation, and improving people's livelihood. Important role. As of the end of September this year, the country's industrial and commercial registration enterprises 10.3 million (excluding 31.3 million individual industrial and commercial households), according to the current SMEs division of the standard, SMEs reached 10.231 million, more than 99% of the total number of enterprises. At present, the value of the final products and services created by SMEs is equivalent to about 60% of the gross domestic product. The tax payment is about 50% of the total national tax revenue, providing nearly 80% of urban jobs.
In the rapid growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, some important changes have taken place, from mining, general processing and manufacturing, construction, transportation, traditional business services and other industries, including infrastructure, public utilities, high-tech and emerging industries, and modern service industries. In all walks of life, from the decentralized operation to the industrial parks and industrial clusters, from the early domestic market to the domestic and foreign markets. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises have participated extensively in market competition, promoted the basic role of market allocation resources, and played an important role in establishing and improving the socialist market economic system.
After the outbreak of the international financial crisis, SMEs were severely affected, with losses, production suspensions and semi-discontinued enterprises increasing, and economic benefits dropping sharply. From January to February this year, it was the most difficult period for SMEs. The total output value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.9% year-on-year, down 22.9 percentage points from the same period of the previous year; the profit decreased by 19.3% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped compared with the same period of last year. 52.3 percentage points. With the implementation of the central macroeconomic policy adjustment and the response to the financial crisis package, the production and operation of small and medium-sized enterprises has stabilized and rebounded. From January to August this year, profits and taxes paid increased by 1.6% and 10.4% respectively.
Second, measures taken to promote the development of SMEs and the results achieved
Most of the SMEs in China belong to the non-public economy. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the development of SMEs and have made a series of decision-making arrangements for promoting the development of SMEs. All regions and departments have conscientiously implemented and actively taken effective measures to continuously improve the development environment and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
(1) Introduce legal and policy measures to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
On June 29, 2002, the 28th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress adopted the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, which marked the promotion of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China on the track of standardization and legalization. Relevant departments have issued more than 50 supporting documents, and more than 200 supporting documents have been issued in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and 21 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have formulated local regulations. In 2005, the State Council issued a number of opinions on encouraging and supporting the development of non-public economic sectors such as private and private sectors (Guo Fa [2005] No. 3), and proposed 36 policy measures to encourage and guide the development of non-public economic sectors such as private and private sectors. . The Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, adopted at the Fourth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress, proposes to implement the growth project for SMEs and promote the overall quality and market competitiveness of SMEs. In addition, relevant parties also provided guidance on strengthening the construction of SME credit guarantee system, standardizing the establishment and operation of venture capital guiding funds, and promoting technological innovation of SMEs. At present, the supporting documents for the implementation of Guofa [2005] No. 3 document have been basically completed, and non-public enterprises have begun to enter the fields of energy, communications, military, civil aviation, railway, culture, tourism and public utilities. In order to help small and medium-sized enterprises overcome the difficulties brought about by the financial crisis and maintain stable development, on August 19 this year, the 77th executive meeting of the State Council focused on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. After the meeting, the State Council issued a revised report on the further development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Several Opinions (Guo Fa [2009] No. 36) put forward 29 policy opinions to further promote the development of SMEs.
(2) Increase financial and tax support for small and medium-sized enterprises.
In accordance with the provisions of the SME Promotion Law, the central budget has set up SME subjects, arranged special funds to support the development of SMEs, and increased the scale of funds year by year. In 2008, the central government allocated special funds of 4.99 billion yuan, an increase of 75% over the previous year. In 2009, the central government allocated a special fund of 10.89 billion yuan to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In the special investment in technological transformation of enterprises within the central budget, 3 billion yuan was allocated to support the technological transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small enterprises. Of the special investments invested, 68% of the funds are spent on SMEs. In order to give play to the guiding role of financial funds for social funds, and actively explore and practice the establishment and operation of SME funds, in 2007 the central government set up a technology-based SME venture capital guidance fund, and some places also set up a venture capital investment guidance to support SMEs. fund.
In terms of taxation policies, corporate income tax will be levied at a reduced rate of 20% and 15% for small and small-profit enterprises and high-tech enterprises that meet the requirements, and the rate of VAT for small-scale taxpayers will be reduced to 3%. A tax incentive for equity investment in venture capital firms was introduced. At the same time, in accordance with the principle of regular tax payment, we will carry out in-depth work to reduce the burden on enterprises. Since September 2008, the management fees for individual industrial and commercial households and the management fees for trade markets have been banned nationwide. In January this year, 100 administrative fees were cancelled and stopped, and the total annual reduction was about 36 billion yuan. All regions have also carried out a comprehensive clean-up of the fees and charges introduced in the region, reducing the burden on enterprises.
In response to the international financial crisis, since the second half of last year, the state has increased the export tax rebate rate for some labor-intensive goods, value-added and high-tech goods. In order to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is decided that from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010, small profit-making enterprises with annual taxable income of less than 30,000 yuan (including 30,000 yuan) will be reduced by 50%. The taxable income is included and the corporate income tax is paid at a rate of 20%. In order to help difficult enterprises to tide over the difficulties, encourage enterprises to try not to lay off employees or lay off employees as much as possible, and to allow enterprises with difficulties to delay the payment of social insurance premiums within a certain period of time, reduce the four social insurance premium rates in stages, and use the unemployment insurance fund to pay social insurance subsidies. And subsidies for posts, encourage and guide employees and enterprises to negotiate on an equal footing according to law, and help enterprises stabilize labor relations and stabilize employment. In the above policies, most of the beneficiaries are SMEs.
(3) Take active measures to alleviate the financing difficulties of SMEs.
The first is to improve financial services for SMEs. Strengthen the guidance of macro credit policies, and guide banking financial institutions to start from six mechanisms such as interest rate risk pricing and independent accounting, and establish a small business financial service franchise. We will relax the write-off conditions for bad debts of SME loans in financial institutions, and implement the policy of full provision for loss provisions for SME loans before tax. Promote the development of regional small and medium-sized financial institutions such as village banks and loan companies. New progress has been made in the construction of the credit system of SMEs, and the credit information of 1.9 million SMEs has been supplemented and improved. Since the second half of last year, the deposit reserve ratio and the benchmark loan interest rate have been lowered several times. It is clearly stated that the growth rate of credit investment of small enterprises in 2009 will not be lower than the growth rate of all loans, and the increase is not lower than the target of the previous year. As of the end of the third quarter of this year, small business bank loans increased by 26.98% compared with the beginning of the year, accounting for 22.4% of the increase in corporate loans, which was 1.87 percentage points higher than that of all corporate loans.
The second is to support the establishment and improvement of the SME credit guarantee system. Through the support policies such as business tax reduction, pre-tax withdrawal of various reserves, capital injection, and guarantee fee subsidies, the SME credit guarantee system has developed rapidly. According to incomplete statistics, it is estimated that by the end of 2009, more than 4,800 SME credit guarantee institutions will be set up across the country, raising a total of more than 250 billion yuan of guarantee funds; a total of 2.6 trillion yuan of guarantees will be provided to 1.15 million (secondary) enterprises.
The third is to continuously expand the financing channels for SMEs. Since the launch of the SME Board in May 2004, it has raised 120.3 billion yuan for 306 companies with better growth. In October of this year, the GEM was listed, and the first batch of 28 listed companies listed a total of 15.5 billion yuan. At the same time, it promoted the issuance of short-term financing bonds and collective bonds by small and medium-sized enterprises, and initiated the pilot of collective bills for small and medium-sized enterprises and the trial of regional SME property rights trading market.
(4) Actively promote the structural adjustment, optimization and upgrading of SMEs.
The SME Growth Project and the SME Information Initiative Project were implemented, and entrepreneurship was used to drive employment, support and guide SMEs to accelerate the adjustment structure, strengthen technological innovation, achieve agglomeration development, and carry out energy conservation and emission reduction, and improve the application level of information technology. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have improved their research and development capabilities for new technologies and new products, and their quality, patents and brand awareness have been enhanced, which has promoted the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Some regions have taken advantage of regional advantages to guide the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The country has formed more than 2,000 industrial clusters of a certain scale. A group of small and medium-sized enterprises have taken steps in the development of “specialized, precise, special and newâ€. Since 2004, the central government has supported 2,468 technological advancement projects and 3,978 technological transformation projects, including specialization of small and medium-sized enterprises and cooperation with large enterprises. As of the end of 2009, the central government has accumulatively supported 20,297 technological innovation projects for SMEs. Support the use of idle workshops and venues, build 143 small business start-up bases, and drive the construction of small business start-up bases.
(V) Vigorously strengthen the construction of the service system.
Accelerate the development of various institutions that provide vocational training, management consulting, credit evaluation, entrepreneurship counseling and other services for SMEs, and actively play the role of associations, chambers of commerce and industry associations. Since 2003, the company has implemented the Galaxy Training Program for SMEs, and has provided training on 300,000 small business operators in terms of policies and regulations and business management knowledge, and provided entrepreneurial counseling services to 120,000 newly established small businesses. In the industrial clusters or small and medium-sized enterprises clusters, 152 public service platforms for SMEs were supported, which led to the construction of public service infrastructure for local SMEs. There are more than 130 entrepreneurial parks for overseas students, 674 technology business incubators and 1,497 productivity promotion centers. Strengthen the service function of China's SME Information Network and organize the SME management consulting service activities. For the seventh consecutive year, the national SMEs online recruitment of college graduates was held. About 40,000 SMEs and 240,000 college graduates posted free recruitment and job search information. 95 national and regional SME associations and 425 SME service centers were established.
(6) Actively promote international exchanges and cooperation between SMEs.
Strengthen cooperation and exchanges with relevant countries and international organizations in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises, and signed 12 cooperation agreements. Approved the establishment of China-ASEAN SME Investment Fund, China-Belgium Direct Equity Investment Fund and China-Italy Mandalin Fund. The APEC Ministerial Meeting of SMEs and the first ASEM Ministerial Meeting of SMEs were held. With the support of policies such as SMEs' international market development funds, export tax rebates and export credit insurance, the scale and quality of SME export products have steadily increased. As of the end of 2008, nearly 20,000 SME exports have grown from scratch, and the export performance of more than 4,700 companies has grown rapidly. It has held the Sixth China International SME Expo, with a total of 21,500 domestic and foreign exhibitors, and held five APEC SME technology exchanges and exhibitions. The 6th China International SME Expo and China-Spain SME Expo held in September this year promoted 961 cooperation projects with a cooperation amount of 142 billion yuan.
Overall, the work to promote the development of SMEs has achieved positive results. The rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the continuous optimization of the environment, the continuous improvement of the quality of enterprises, and the enhanced competitiveness. Taking industry as an example, at the end of 2008, the number of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises, the average number of employees, the total industrial output value, and the main business income increased by 118%, 55%, 262%, and 261%, respectively, compared with 2003. . SMEs played an important role in responding to the international financial crisis.
Third, the main problems
With the joint efforts of all parties, the development conditions and environment of SMEs have been significantly improved, and the quality and level of development have been greatly improved. However, there are still many difficulties and problems, especially in the process of global economic recovery, which is slow and tortuous, and the domestic economy is picking up. The foundation of SMEs is still unstable, unconsolidated, unbalanced, and the pressure on resources and environment is increasing. The development of SMEs faces many problems and difficulties.
(1) The development environment still needs further improvement. The supporting policies for the implementation of the SME Promotion Law are still not perfect. Some of the policies and measures that have been introduced have not been implemented, and some deep institutional and institutional obstacles have not been completely eliminated. The concept and practice of not paying attention to small and medium-sized enterprises still exist in individual places and fields. There are still some obstacles for SMEs to enter monopoly industries and fields and achieve fair access. It is still difficult to participate in government procurement and infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises and their employees. Still happening.
(2) The contradiction between supply and demand of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small enterprises, is still outstanding. The medium and long-term loans of small and medium-sized enterprises are insufficient, and the scale and proportion of small business loans are still too low. The loan collateral is single, financial products and services still need further innovation and improvement, and the development of small and medium-sized banks serving small and medium-sized enterprises lags behind. The development of the capital market is not high, and the direct financing channels need to be further broadened.
(3) Structural adjustment and transformation of development methods are difficult. Among the small and medium-sized enterprises, there are a large number of labor-intensive, resource-based, processing trade-type and “OEM†enterprises. Under the current situation of constrained resources and environment, accelerated economic globalization, and accelerated pace of development of emerging industries, their technical equipment and production Problems such as backward technology, unreasonable structure, overcapacity, low resource utilization, polluted environment and low management level are more prominent. Affected by factors such as capital, talents and market, SMEs have insufficient ability to adjust independently, and it is difficult to adjust and optimize products and industries.
(4) The socialized service system is still not perfect. Social service systems such as entrepreneurship counseling, management consulting, legal aid, technology promotion, corporate finance, information and training are not perfect, and public welfare services are insufficient. Some service organizations have imperfect service functions, and the service level and efficiency are not high. In particular, some intermediary organizations that provide services necessary for production and operation of enterprises have poor service awareness, irregular behavior, and high fees.
(5) The government's support for small and medium-sized enterprises needs to be further strengthened. The scale of special funds for SME development is generally small, the use of funds is relatively scattered, the support areas are limited, and support for small businesses is insufficient. The government's public services for SMEs still need to be improved and strengthened. In particular, the statistical monitoring of SMEs is still relatively weak, and the relevant systems are still not perfect. The social burden of small and medium-sized enterprises is heavier, and the phenomenon of “three chaos†still exists.
Fourth, the next priority work
Promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is an important basis for maintaining a stable and rapid development of the national economy and a major strategic task related to people's livelihood and social stability. It is necessary to comprehensively implement the scientific development concept, adopt more active and effective measures to help small and medium-sized enterprises overcome difficulties, create a favorable environment conducive to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the sound and rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
(1) Continue to increase the implementation of the SME Promotion Law and relevant policy provisions.
Focusing on the full implementation of Guofa [2009] No. 36 document, we will do a good job in implementing various policies and measures. We will promptly study and formulate measures for the management of credit guarantees for SMEs, speed up the revision of the interim regulations on SME standards, and formulate development plans for SMEs. Clean up laws, regulations and rules that are not conducive to the development of SMEs. Deepen the reform of monopoly industries, expand the scope of market access, reduce barriers to entry, and further create an open and fair market environment. We will promptly introduce policy opinions to encourage and promote private investment.
(2) Strengthening the support of policies such as fiscal and taxation.
Gradually expand the scale of special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises by the central budget, and focus on supporting technological innovation, structural adjustment, energy conservation and emission reduction, market development, employment expansion, and improvement of public services for small and medium-sized enterprises. Accelerate the establishment of the National SME Development Fund, give full play to the guiding role of financial funds, and drive social funds to support the development of SMEs. We will strive to introduce government procurement measures to support SMEs before the end of this year, and increase the proportion of goods, engineering and services for SMEs. We will implement and improve various preferential tax policies for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially to implement the policy of halving preferential policies for small-scale enterprise income tax in the next year. Comprehensively clean up and rectify the charges related to small and medium-sized enterprises, strictly implement the publicity system for charging items, and further standardize the behavior of collecting and accepting administrative and institutional fees and government fund projects that have not been approved according to the prescribed authority and procedures, and alleviate the small and medium-sized enterprises. burden. Seriously investigate and deal with arbitrary charges, arbitrary fines, various apportions and infringements against small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises and their employees.
(3) Effectively alleviate the financing difficulties of SMEs.
Fully implement the financial policy to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, focus on improving financial services for small enterprises, actively guide the innovation system and mechanism of banking financial institutions, innovate financial products, services and loans to pledge, actively develop small and medium-sized financial institutions, and expand loans to small enterprises. Scale and weight. Accelerate the construction of the GEM market, vigorously develop venture capital and financial leasing enterprises, steadily expand the issuance scale of SME collective bonds and short-term financing bonds, actively promote the pilot of regional SME property rights trading market, and further expand the financing channels for SMEs. Increase financial support, comprehensively use capital injection, risk compensation and incentive subsidies to improve the financing guarantee ability of guarantee institutions for SMEs. Improve the collateral registration service for guarantee institutions and promote the equal and mutually beneficial cooperation between bancassurance. Promote the construction of credit system for SMEs, and establish and improve the credit information collection mechanism and evaluation system for SMEs.
(4) Vigorously promote the structural adjustment, optimization and upgrading of SMEs.
Support SMEs to increase R&D investment, strengthen industry-university-research cooperation and resource integration, and improve SMEs' technological innovation capabilities and product quality. Expand the scale of special funds for technological transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and support small and medium-sized enterprises to adopt new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials for technological transformation. In accordance with the requirements of developing a circular economy and a low-carbon economy, we should give full play to the role of the market mechanism and comprehensively use financial, environmental protection, land, industrial policies and other means to promote energy conservation and consumption reduction, emission reduction and pollution control for SMEs, and achieve savings in production and clean production. Actively guide small and medium-sized enterprises to take the development path of “specialization, precision, speciality and newness†and establish multi-form cooperation and matching relationships with large enterprises. According to the principle of reasonable layout, distinctive features, intensive use of land, eco-environmental protection and resource sharing, SMEs will be guided to gather and develop. Strengthen the cooperation and exchange of small and medium-sized enterprises in the eastern, central and western regions to achieve an orderly transfer of industries We will vigorously guide the development of modern service industries such as software, logistics, service outsourcing, and e-commerce, expand the scope and scale of the production service industry, and support the folk crafts and traditional trade service industries such as China's old brands to improve service quality and level.
(5) Improve the socialized service system for SMEs.
Strengthen planning guidance, improve the input mechanism, and form a socialized service system for SMEs with reasonable levels and clear division of labor. In accordance with the development direction of marketization, specialization and socialization, we will establish and improve the financial grading subsidy mechanism, guide and support various intermediary service organizations to expand service areas, improve service capabilities, and carry out information, training, technology, entrepreneurship, investment and financing, and quality. Inspection, business management and other services. By guiding social investment and financial fund support, we will focus on supporting public service platforms for SMEs that have strong capabilities and common service functions. Establish and improve the statistical monitoring system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and strengthen the monitoring and analysis of the production and operation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
(6) Guide and support SMEs to strengthen management.
Extensively carry out management consulting and other activities to guide small and medium-sized enterprises to strengthen basic management, improve operational mechanisms, improve governance structure, and promote management innovation. Actively guide all types of small and medium-sized enterprises to adopt advanced management methods and technologies to continuously improve their management and risk resistance. Continue to implement the informationization promotion project for SMEs, improve the information service network for SMEs, and improve the application level of information technology for SMEs. Strictly implement the rules and regulations to ensure the safety and health of employees and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers. Continue to implement the Galaxy training program for small and medium-sized enterprises to improve the quality of SME management personnel.
Report of the State Council on Promoting the Development of SMEs (Full Text)
Entrusted by the State Council, Minister of Industry and Information Technology Li Yizhong reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the 24th to promote the development of SMEs. The full report is as follows: