Graphite is an elemental element of elemental carbon. Each carbon atom is surrounded by three other carbon atoms (arranged in a honeycomb-like hexagon) to covalently bond to form a covalent molecule.
Since each carbon atom emits an electron, the electrons are free to move, so the graphite belongs to the conductor. Graphite is one of the softest minerals, and its use includes the manufacture of pencils and lubricants. Carbon is a non-metallic element that is located in the second periodic IVA family of the periodic table.
The specific use of graphite
1, for refractory materials, including refractory bricks, crucible, continuous casting powder, casting core, mold detergent and high temperature materials.
Magnesium carbon brick refractory material is the mid-60s, developed by the United States; in the world of magnesium carbon brick has been widely used in steel, and has become a traditional use of graphite. Aluminum carbon brick aluminum carbon refractories are mainly used for continuous casting, flat billet from the pipeline of the protective cover, underwater nozzle and oil well blasting tube.
Made of graphite and refractory crucible and its related products, such as crucible, curved neck bottles, plugs and nozzles, etc., with high fire resistance, low thermal expansion, melting metal process, by metal infiltration and erosion But also stable, good thermal shock stability at high temperatures and excellent thermal conductivity, so the artifacts and its related products are widely used in direct melting metal process.
2, steelmaking
Graphite and other impurity materials can be used as carbonizers in the steelmaking industry. Carburizing uses a wide range of carbonaceous materials, including artificial graphite, petroleum coke, metallurgical coke and Natural Graphite. In the world of steel-making carbon-based graphite is still one of the main uses of earth-like graphite.
3, for the conductive material
Graphite in the electrical industry is widely used as electrodes, brushes, carbon rods, carbon tubes, mercury rectifier cathode, graphite gaskets, telephone parts, TV picture tube coating and so on. Among them, Graphite Electrode is the most widely used, in the smelting of various alloy steel, ferroalloy, the extensive use of graphite electrodes. The graphite used in the electrical industry is very demanding on grain size and grade.
4, for wear and lubrication materials
Graphite is often used as a lubricant in the machinery industry. Lubricants are often not used in high-speed, high-temperature, high-pressure conditions, and graphite wear-resistant materials can be 200 ℃ a 2000 ℃ temperature and at a high sliding speed (loom / s) without lubricating oil work. Many of the equipment that transport corrosive media, widely used graphite materials made of piston rings, seals and bearings, they run, do not need to add lubricants, graphite milk is also a lot of metal processing (wire drawing, pull tube) when the good lubricant.
5, for corrosion-resistant materials
Graphite has good chemical stability. After special processing of graphite, with corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, low permeability and other characteristics, and widely used in the production of heat exchangers, reaction tank, condensate, combustion tower, absorption tower, cooler, heater, filter Pumps and other equipment. These equipment for the petrochemical, hydrometallurgical, acid and alkali production, synthetic fiber, paper and other industrial sectors, can save a lot of metal materials.
6, for the atomic energy industry and the defense industry
Graphite has a good neutron deceleration performance, the earliest as a slowdown agent for atomic reactors, "uranium-graphite" reactor is currently used more of an atomic reactor. As the power of the atomic energy reactor in the slowdown material should have a high melting point, stable, corrosion-resistant properties, graphite can meet the above requirements.
7, for anti-scaling anti-rust materials.
Graphite can prevent boiler fouling. Tests have shown that adding a certain amount of Graphite Powder to the water prevents the surface of the boiler from scaling. In addition, graphite coated with metal chimneys, roofs, bridges, pipes can be anti-corrosion and rust.
8, graphite new use
1) Flexible graphite products. Flexible graphite, also known as Expanded Graphite, is the 1970s developed a new graphite products. 1971 US research success of flexible graphite sealing material, to solve the problem of atomic valve leakage, followed by Germany, Japan, France also began to develop production. In addition to this product has the characteristics of natural graphite, but also has a special flexibility and flexibility. Therefore, it is an ideal sealing material, widely used in petrochemical, atomic and other industrial fields, the international market demand growth year after year.
2) the production of semi-metallic friction materials. Since the 1970s, clutches and automatic liners have been widely used semi-metallic friction materials. Semi-metallic friction material is the graphite and metal powder, steel fiber, clay powder made of synthetic resin. These automatic lining can be used for high-speed equipment such as aircraft, trucks and off-road vehicles, and clutch pads.
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This forum focuses on nano-functional coatings, sol-gel technology and its applications in industries such as glasses to promote technological innovation and global development in China's optical industry. In the forum, Zhejiang California Nano Research Institute Kaimei Special Sol-gel Joint R&D Center and Safran Functional Layer Joint R&D Center were officially launched.
Participants suggested to set up an innovative public technology service platform for the Zhejiang optical industry to overcome common technical difficulties and provide personalized services for enterprises. Zhejiang Tianheng Optical Co., Ltd. Tang Tianri proposed: "We can combine 3G functions and glasses to create distinctive eyes. Only by staying at the forefront of the market can we better dominate the market."
Nano Coatings R&D Center officially launched
Recently, the “National Forum on Nano Functional Coatings Industrialization and Industrial Joint R&D Center†was held in Hangzhou. Chen Zichen, executive deputy secretary of Zhejiang University Party Committee, Dong Kejun, secretary general of Zhejiang Association of Science and Technology, Eric, vice chairman of the International Sol-Gel Association, Tan Fu, deputy secretary-general of China Institute of Silicate, and Yang Hui, head of nano-special expert group of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department, attended the forum. .