Interpret how to get first aid in a train accident

At 14:51 on September 27, a train rear-end occurred at Laoximen Station on Line 10 of the Shanghai Metro. While caring about the injured, everyone was also worried about how to escape and save themselves if they encountered such a thing. How to help the injured?

How to save yourself in a train accident

There are usually no signs before the train crashes, but passengers will feel a sudden brake, and they should first use this few seconds to change to a safer sitting position. First, stay away from the doors and windows, lie down, bow your head, and hold your chin close to your chest to prevent neck injury. Grasp or press firmly against a solid object to prevent you from being thrown out of the door. If the seat is far away from the door and window, stay in place and stay still; if it is close to the door and window, you should leave as soon as possible to find the nearest solid object. After the car stops, it is necessary to observe the surrounding environment and then save yourself. If the exits at both ends of the car are blocked, you can use a sharp object such as a safety hammer, high heels, or belt buckle to hit the four corners of the glass, or the middle of the four sides, and kick with a foot after a crack occurs. If the rail is energized, wait for the staff to announce that the power has been cut off before getting off.

In the event of a sudden collision of the vehicle, you can learn from the practice in aviation. The upper body should lean forward as far as possible, the chest should be close to the knee, the head should rest on the back of the front seat, the hands should be on the head, the palms should overlap, the forearm should be on the cheek, The posture in the collision can make yourself as much as possible to reduce injuries. Generally, train accidents are mostly derailed and collided. There are several types of accidental injuries caused by accidents: head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and extremities due to self-collision or inertial effects; injuries after internal organs collide and squeeze; blunt or sharp device stab wounds; fire may occur.

How to give first aid to the injured

The wounded in emergencies will be more frightened and emotional. It is recommended to keep calm on site. Those with relevant ambulance experience should explain their intentions before initiating the treatment and inform the other party of your intentions, so that the other party can be assured of treatment. If there is no person who has received first aid training, it is recommended not to move the casualty easily, so as not to cause increased damage. The wounded can make full use of nearby reachable items for self-help or mutual help. For example, fractures and wounds, you can use towels and magazines as bandages and fixed splints, which can effectively prevent the broken ends of the fractures from piercing blood vessels and puncturing nerves; for patients with limb trauma bleeding, you can use belts, schoolbags, etc. as tourniquets It is located at the bleeding site and is closer to the heart, reducing the amount of bleeding and winning time for rescue.

When helping others, first determine whether the injured person is conscious. If unconsciousness and poor response are found, one should hold the injured person's forehead with one hand and lift the chin to open the airway with one hand. Then determine whether there is breathing and pulse. If the injured person's strong chest undulations indicate normal breathing, otherwise artificial respiration is required; if the injured carotid artery has strong pulsation, it means that the blood volume is sufficient and he must be placed on his side. Next, check from head to toe for external injuries, especially chest and abdomen trauma, and then quickly give hemostasis, bandaging, fixation, and handling. Bleeding is the most important cause of death after trauma. Stopping bleeding in the first place may save people's lives. The most direct method is to compress the bleeding point of the wound, and then find the appropriate material for pressure bandaging.

However, eye, ear, mouth and nose bleeding may be a sign of craniocerebral injury. At this time, do not pack the facial features, wipe it clean and keep it smooth; for those with bleeding in the arteries of the extremities, you can make a temporary tourniquet at the upper middle thigh and the upper arm 1/3 Stop bleeding. Bandages can be taken locally, and towels, headbands, and clothes are fine. Before dressing, you must first look at the wound for foreign bodies. General injuries can be directly bandaged; if there is foreign body, it should not be pulled out, but it should be fixed with the body. For general casualties, you can use back, lift and hug when carrying. For those with serious injuries, find a blanket and bed sheet, place the injured person in the middle, and carry it in multiple steps.

On-site personnel who are less injured and can move on their own before professional rescuers arrive should immediately leave the scene of the accident and seek help from the relevant emergency department (such as 110, 120); if they cannot move, call for help and wait in place Rescue. If the injured person has symptoms such as neck pain, physical activity or sensory disturbance, and unconsciousness, it may mean that the spine is damaged. If the injured person is moved in an inappropriate manner, it may lead to high paraplegia. When a spine fracture occurs, patients are prone to paralysis of certain parts of the body. For example, thoracolumbar fractures often cause sensation or movement disorders below the waist. In addition to increased paraplegic sites, cervical muscles can cause respiratory muscle paralysis, and Life threatening. Therefore, when transporting patients with spinal fractures, more than 4 people should cooperate to place it on a hard stretcher to keep the patient straight. When the patient has a limb fracture, he can take the material on the spot and use a splint or substitute for simple fixation, and then quickly send the patient to the hospital. For inexperienced personnel, it is best to call professional emergency personnel for treatment.

In the case of a severely injured coma, first-aid cardiopulmonary resuscitation is required. The specific steps are as follows:

To ensure that the environment is safe, first aid personnel kneel next to the patient.

The middle finger of the rescuer's hand was placed on the lower edge of the rib arch on the side of the patient who was placed proximally. The middle finger slides up along the costal arch to the meeting point of the bilateral costal arches, where the middle designation is located, and the index finger is close to the middle finger.

The ambulance personnel stick the palm root to the index finger and lay it flat so that the horizontal axis of the palm root coincides with the long axis of the sternum. Place the positioned hand on the back of the other palm, with the roots of the two palms overlapping, interlocking ten fingers, palm up, and fingers away from the chest wall.

Rescue person's upper body leans forward, shoulders are directly above both hands, arms are straightened (elbow joint straightened), and force is applied vertically downwards, using the weight of the upper body and the strength of shoulder muscles to operate. The sternal depression depth is 4 to 5cm. Do not leave the chest wall after relaxing. The compression speed is 100 times / min.