JIS B2220 Flanges specifies steel pipe flanges (hereafter referred to as "flanges")of nominal sizes 10 A to 1500 A for nominal pressures 5K, 10K, 10K light type, 16K, 20K, 30K, 40K and 63K which are used to join parts for piping, such as steel pipes and valves used for ordinary piping pressure piping , high pressure piping , high temperature piping , alloy steel piping and stainless steel piping for steam, air, gas, water, oil, etc.
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Geothermal heat pump operating costs analysis and management mode of operation (with photos)
Abstract: In addition to the characteristics of environmental protection, geothermal heat pumps have obvious energy saving advantages. This paper introduces the operation cost of geothermal heat pump analysis and management mode of operation, discusses the geothermal heat pump with the current heating mode (centralized boiler room heating, thermal power plant heating, gas boiler room heating, household gas heating), one-time Investment, operating costs for analysis and comparison. Keywords: circulation pump operation costs 1, heat pump operation costs In addition to the characteristics of environmental protection, but also has obvious energy-saving advantages, the following geothermal heat pump with the current heating mode (centralized boiler room heating, heat and power plant heating, gas Boiler room heating, household gas heating), one-time investment, operating costs for analysis and comparison. Among them: the price of 0.5 yuan / (KW.h), natural gas price of 2.0 yuan / m3, coal price of 300 yuan / t, tap water 3.2 yuan / t, hot water (the project to consider recharge, ). Heating time by 145 days / year. Table 1 for energy consumption, operating costs comparison table. The cost of energy consumption is only the main equipment fuel costs, operating costs, including fuel costs and depreciation costs (equipment depreciation of 20 years). According to the actual situation of the project, geothermal water temperature is high, so the first and last winter can have 95 days to use geothermal water directly after the plate change, do not start the heat pump, the other 50 days to start the heat pump peak heating. 2, the average annual load by 35W / ㎡, the average amount of geothermal water during heating period is: 17.5t / h, the daily amount of 420t / h, the total amount of heating period: 60,900t / a Geothermal water lifting costs According to the calculation of electricity consumption per ton of water 1 KW.H, according to 1.5KW.H recharge calculation, electricity charges by 0.5 yuan / KW.H, geothermal water pumping and recharge costs in the table below: 3, the system circulating pump and Other pump operating costs are estimated as: 10KW daily: 240KW.H, daily electricity bill is: 120 yuan heating season total: 34800KW.H, electricity cost is: 17400 yuan 4, operating personnel salary calculated according to two, each monthly salary of 500 Yuan, heating period total salary: 5000 yuan per square meter is: 8.76 yuan / year, such as heating costs by 18 yuan / ㎡. . According to 30 yuan / ㎡ charge network fees can be charged 480,000 yuan, plus the first year heating profit 148,000 yuan, a total of 628,000 yuan in addition to the injection well has basically solved the initial investment. The actual implementation of the current heating costs can be taken in advance, or 50% of the advance can greatly ease the pressure on the initial investment. Proposed to implement the method is: the total project will be packaged into about 100 to 1.2 million of the initial investment, business and training center to charge a fee for access to network (as long as less than 6 tons of coal-fired boilers can), network fees and he signed a Using a number of years of agreement (such as 15 years), due to 15 years or so coal-fired boiler should be completely scrapped. Such conditions estimate the user is acceptable. Even if you do not consider the issue of who should bear the initial investment, operational management can also be used now widely popular way to burn. Initially, the pilot projects of business training centers will have a direct impact on all subsequent users, and once the mode and charges have been established, it will not be easy to make any major adjustments. For example, Xi'an charges 15.4 yuan / ㎡. Year, 115 days, Tianjin is 15 yuan / ㎡. Years or 120 days, Beijing central heating is 24 yuan / ㎡. day. According to the standard of Xi'an or Tianjin (equivalent to 0.1339 yuan / ㎡. Days, 0.125 yuan / ㎡. Days), Anshan charged 18 ~ 19 yuan / ㎡. Year is well documented.