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So, what development characteristics does China's biodiesel industry present at present? What efforts need to be made to get rid of the industry?
The number of enterprises has dropped by 90%
In view of the development of biodiesel in China, biodiesel, as a strategic emerging energy industry, started late in China and has been developing rapidly for about 10 years. However, due to the influence of various conditions, the biodiesel industry is struggling in the peaks and valleys.
The “peak wave trough†of the biodiesel industry is intuitively reflected in the number of manufacturing companies. According to the reporter's understanding, during the peak period of development, there were more than 300 domestic biodiesel companies, but now it has dropped to less than 30.
Biodiesel is often blended into petrochemical diesel for use, so the market is heavily affected by petrochemical diesel. Du Zexue, a senior engineer at the Sinopec Research Institute of Petrochemical Science, said that since 2012, the domestic petrochemical diesel market has been oversupplied, and since 2013, the consumption of petrochemical diesel has not risen and fallen. In the current global economic slowdown, the petrochemical diesel consumer market will continue to decline. Biodiesel is also facing a lower downstream market than petrodiesel.
Ning Shouqi, deputy director of the National Biodiesel Industry Collaboration Group Expert Committee, said: "In view of the fact that international crude oil prices are currently hovering around US$50 per barrel, and the prices of waste oil raw materials as raw materials for biodiesel remain high, raw materials and sales of biodiesel enterprises. The spread will be maintained at around 1,500 yuan / ton for a long time, the raw material and sales price difference of 2,000 yuan / ton will not return in the short term. This is the 'new normal' of the biodiesel industry."
Bus demonstration provides a successful sample
However, the reporter also learned that there are more successful examples of the promotion and use of biodiesel in China.
In August 2013, in order to promote the demonstration project of diesel fuel for biodiesel blended fuel from Shanghai kitchen and kitchen, Shanghai Food Safety Committee Office, Shanghai Food Safety Work Association, Shanghai Greening and City Management Bureau, Tongji University, Shanghai Huayi (Group) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Zhongqi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. signed the “Six-Party Cooperation Agreementâ€.
Among them, Shanghai Zhongqi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Huayi (Group) Co., Ltd. are members of the project oil group, providing technical support in the work, Tongji University is a member of the project technical control group, and Shanghai Bus Group Corporation is a member of the project operation group. The Shanghai Development and Reform Institute is a member of the project policy group and the Food Safety Alliance is a member of the project coordination group.
Yang Jianbin, director of Shanghai Zhongqi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., said that the promotion of the project has its own unique background. First, the cost of raw materials for biodiesel from waste oil and fat is high, the sales channels are not smooth, and the profitability of enterprises is difficult. Second, the production technology and blending technology of biodiesel for waste oils from complex sources are to be further studied; The use of biodiesel is unclear. The local standards for biodiesel, the incentive policies for biodiesel use in vehicles, and the incentive mechanism have not been established. Fourth, Shanghai has basically formed a closed-loop management of the collection and transportation of wastes from kitchens and kitchens. Mode, but the last link (use link) of the waste utilization of kitchen waste needs to be opened as soon as possible.
It is understood that the project currently involves a total of 104 buses, of which 84 use B5 biodiesel blended fuel and 20 use B10 biodiesel blended fuel, the quality of the oil meets the national V standard. As of October 1, 2015, 104 buses (10 lines) had a total of 6,592,700 kilometers, and the consumption of biodiesel blended fuel B5/B10 totaled 139,800 liters (equivalent to consuming pure BD100 of 108.8 tons). Among them, the first bus has accumulated a total of 135,800 kilometers as of October 1, 2015.
In addition, the conclusions of these bus engines burning biodiesel blended fuel B5/B10 running vehicles are good. Yang Jianbin said: "First, the results of vehicle tracking and sampling inspection show that the quality of biodiesel blending fuel B5/B10 products is stable. The use of biodiesel blending fuel B5 can save 3.8% of petrochemical diesel; biodiesel blending fuel B10 can save about 7% of petrochemical diesel. Second, in the actual road emission test, the national III, national IV, and national V buses use biodiesel blending fuel B5/B10, and all emissions meet the emission standards. The PM of the B10 bus The emission is reduced by about 10%; the NOx is slightly increased within 1.5%; the PN emissions are basically equal. Third, endoscopy, a total of 104 buses from the first stage to the fifth stage, including the first use of B5 Biodiesel has been running more than 13 million kilometers, and there are no carbon deposits on the surface of key components such as engine pistons, valves and fuel injectors, which will not affect the normal use of buses."
Yang Jianbin told reporters that the successful development of the demonstration project relies heavily on the leading role of relevant government departments. Under the leadership of relevant government departments, the six units involved in the project signed a cooperation agreement to clarify tasks and responsibilities before the work began. This kind of cooperation can provide experience for other provinces to promote biodiesel blending fuel.
Multi-party reasons affect the development of the industry
For the current low development of the biodiesel industry, many entrepreneurs have described it as “severe winterâ€. For the reasons for entering the "severe winter", Sun Shanlin believes that the main mainstream sales market is still affected by many factors such as the closure of biodiesel, the failure to meet the supply requirements of raw materials, and the lack of policy support.
Talking about the raw material level, He Nengde, the chairman of Shaanxi Hesheng Biodiesel Technology Development Technology Co., Ltd., believes that as the price of petrochemical diesel drops and falls again, the sales price of biodiesel has a history of freezing point below 4,000 yuan/ton. And there are very few buyers. Due to the freezing point of biodiesel prices, the collection of raw water, oil and waste oil is not profitable. At present, the price per ton of swill oil and waste oil is 2,300 yuan and 2,800 yuan respectively. The price and price drop has led to the lack of price and the supply of raw materials is seriously insufficient.
In response to the policy level, He can also express his views. First, the State Administration of Taxation did not determine the exemption of consumption tax on biodiesel until 2010. For a long time, the industry has been in a strange circle of legal production and sales. Biodiesel is mainly sold in the blending oil market, and the small sales make this favorable policy very limited. Second, the “Notice on Organizing the Subsidy for Bioenergy and Biochemical Materials Base†and the “Notice on Adjusting and Perfecting the Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and Labor VAT Policies†provide biofuel production subsidies and sales tax rebates, but The higher threshold makes it very rare to have a unit that enjoys this policy. Thirdly, the VAT deduction 3 return 7 policy of first levy and return, in actual operation, because the tax return cycle is often long, resulting in a large amount of corporate funds being used, but also generating tax rebate application costs, increasing the enterprise Funding pressure. Invoicing to the buyer means an increase of 17% in costs and almost “eats†all of the company’s profits.
Product quality is also one of the reasons. It is understood that domestic biodiesel enterprises are mostly private small enterprises, the distribution is relatively scattered, each has different interests, it is difficult to manage unifiedly, and the strict and perfect product quality control system is impossible to talk about. At present, the mainstream sales market is still closed to biodiesel, and the uneven quality of the products has led to lower and lower market acceptance. He Nengde said that the low quality of some biodiesel plants has seriously threatened the survival of enterprises. At present, about 90% of domestic biodiesel producers are shut down, and only about 10% of enterprises are still struggling to maintain. A central enterprise that had once entered the biodiesel production industry with high-profile has finally sold its assets at a price of only 1 yuan.
According to the reporter's understanding, the investment in testing facilities accounts for a large proportion of the investment in biodiesel plants, resulting in the failure of most biodiesel plants in China to establish a comprehensive testing system, which makes it difficult to produce stable and qualified products. Ning Shouqi said that the biodiesel plant is different from the petrochemical refinery. Investing more than 20 billion yuan in petrochemical refineries with an annual output of 10 million tons of products, it takes about 10 million yuan to build a comprehensive testing system, and the cost is about 0.5%; and an investment of 20 million yuan per year produces 20,000 tons of biodiesel. The biodiesel plant must invest 3 million to 4 million yuan to build basic testing facilities, accounting for about 15% of the cost.
Technical barriers between enterprises are also difficult to break. According to Ning Shouqi, as of now, there are none of the existing successful biodiesel production technologies. This has led to the existing biodiesel companies each have their own unique experience, but it is difficult to communicate and share.
He Nengde said that what is even more worrying is that there are nearly 2 million tons of capacity under construction in the biodiesel industry in 2015. It is foreseeable that before the above problems are properly solved, the completion and commissioning of new enterprises will bring more vicious competition to the industry.
Internal repair and external helpers can usher in the dawn
The industry generally believes that the "Biodiesel Industry Development Policy" and the "Accelerated Product Quality Upgrade Work Plan" released in 2015 put forward new requirements for the development of the biodiesel industry and pointed out new directions.
Among them, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance and other seven ministries and commissions issued a notice in May 2015 on the issuance of the Work Plan for Accelerating the Quality Upgrade of Refined Oil. According to the "Program", starting from January 1, 2016, the eastern region will fully supply motor gasoline (including E10 ethanol gasoline) and vehicle diesel (including B5 biodiesel) that meet the national V standard; from January 1, 2017 The country supplies gasoline (including E10 ethanol gasoline) and vehicle diesel (including B5 biodiesel) that meet the national V standard, and stops domestic sales of gasoline and diesel lower than the national V standard.
A person in charge of a biodiesel company told reporters that although the development of the biodiesel industry has encountered a serious bottleneck period, the darkness before dawn is a prelude to the dawn.
He Nengde said that in order to promote the development of biodiesel industry, clear policy support in the whole industry chain of raw material collection, production, processing and sales is essential, and policy support in separate production links cannot solve all problems.
Sun Shanlin believes that the development of biodiesel in China has the social significance of turning waste into treasure, recycling waste oil resources, and controlling the flow of waste oil to the dining table. However, the current phenomenon that China's waste oil flows to residents' tables due to illegal operation is relatively common, and the current crude oil price In the case of a sharp decline, due to the decline in the operating rate of the biodiesel industry, the phenomenon of counter-flow feed oil processing industry has risen, which increases the risk of flowing to the table and increases the difficulty for biodiesel companies to collect raw materials. . He said that this industry is certainly somewhat complex and difficult to manage. However, as long as all relevant units and relevant departments can pay full attention to it and strengthen communication and exchange, it will certainly solve the problem of difficult collection of raw materials for biodiesel enterprises.
Sun Shanlin also said that it is necessary to fight hard on the iron. The biodiesel producers can only stand up to the challenges of the market and other aspects if they improve themselves. First, companies must produce stable and qualified products that meet the "GB/20828-2015 diesel fuel blending biodiesel (BD100)" to promote the further development of the biodiesel industry. Moreover, the "Biodiesel Industry Development Policy" clearly states that biodiesel producers must establish a sound product quality control system, including pre-production, mid-production, and product quality inspection systems to achieve real-time testing of production processes.
He Nengde said that the reason why biodiesel is difficult to enter the mainstream market of petrochemical diesel is that the oxidation stability, sulfur content and free glycerin of biodiesel are difficult to meet the blending requirements. He believes that enterprises need to establish a sound and complete production management system to fundamentally guarantee the quality of products; establish a sound product quality control system to ensure that product quality meets national V standards.
“The perfect product quality inspection system must be invested, and there is no luck. The indicator test can only be calculated by the results obtained by the instrument, and the requirements of the national standard are not harsh. As long as the production process is reasonable and the production equipment is perfect, the product will be It can be stably qualified. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the following indicators meet the standards in the production process: the yield of biodiesel products is not less than 90%; the consumption of methanol in tons of biodiesel products is not higher than 125kg, the fresh water is not higher than 0.35m3, and the comprehensive energy consumption Not more than 150kg of standard coal; by-product glycerol must be recycled, separated and purified; 'three wastes' must meet the standard discharge." He Nengde said. 
Biodiesel: Looking forward to dawn before dawn
Biodiesel Network November 20th: Not long ago, the 2015 China Biodiesel Industry Development Seminar was held in Beijing. More than 100 people including representatives of enterprises and experts in the field of biodiesel attended the meeting. At the meeting, the reporter of China Chemical Industry News learned that the domestic biodiesel industry is still in a development dilemma.