Recently, the super cold current has hit and the temperature has dropped rapidly. Winter wheat has not adapted to the temperature change process, which is likely to cause wheat freezing damage. In the northern winter wheat area, measures should be taken to increase the temperature and protect the farmland in a timely manner. Farmers’ friends should apply topdressing and watering according to local conditions, and reduce the ability to resist cold and freeze. The wheat fields with insufficient sensation should be watered in time, and according to the color of the wheat in the field, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer or spraying foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulator to promote the normal growth and development of the frozen wheat. Strengthen the monitoring and control of pests and diseases, promote the transformation and upgrading of seedlings, increase the tillering into ear, promote the development of ear flowers, and set up a shelf for high yield. It is worth noting that when the cold wave comes, the surface temperature drops to below 0 °C, and the "cold Spring cold" freeze damage will occur. “Cold spring cold†refers to the frost damage that occurs when the wheat enters the rejuvenation and jointing season during the “Lichun†season, due to the cold wave coming to cool down, and the surface temperature drops below 0 °C. The wheat field where the "cold spring cold" freeze occurs generally occurs in two growing seasons: First, before the greening, before the jointing, the main reason is that the leaves are frozen, and the frozen leaves are soaked in boiling water, and then dried up after being exposed to sunlight. Because the young cells of the young shoots at the top of the stem are sensitive to low temperature than the leaf cells, the orphans are severely withered and the growth point is frozen. Second, after the jointing, the wheat seedlings are in the stage of floret differentiation, and the young ears of the floret differentiation stage or the two-edge period (the rising period) are still transparent crystals after being frozen, and the wheat is formed into a variety of abnormal ears such as half-ears and two-stage ears. In severe cases, the wheat sex cells are aborted, and the large number of empty shells in the ear are called, and even the whole young ear is killed manually. What kind of defensive measures have been made to the cold? Pre-disaster prevention measures Classification management: It is necessary to combine the characteristics of seedlings and weather changes to classify wheat fields, strengthen field management, and improve the cold resistance of plants. For excessive growth of wheat To "control" mainly to crack down, deep hoe, measures spraying plant growth regulator and the like, inhibit the excessive growth of wheat, wheat jointing avoid premature improve cold resistance, but can also Improve the lodging resistance of wheat. For the first time in the spring wheat field, the first fertilizer can be postponed until the beginning of the body or before and after the jointing. For the general wheat field should be "promoted and controlled", first suppression, after shallow cultivating, in order to achieve the role of warming and protecting. Appropriate amount of topdressing and watering during the period of getting up, promote the growth of tillers, and strive for more spikes. For weak seedlings, we should focus on “promotingâ€, try to make early strokes, increase ground temperature, increase roots, pay attention to shallow strokes, and avoid root injuries. After returning to green, it is necessary to combine the sensational application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. As long as the sensation of the weak seedling field is acceptable, watering should be avoided in early spring to avoid lowering the ground temperature. Generally, topdressing and watering are carried out in the late stage of greening or in the early stage of getting up. Watering before freezing: Watering before freezing is one of the most effective measures to prevent cold. Before the arrival of the strong cold, the wheat field with the risk of freezing damage must be watered in time to adjust the microclimate near the ground layer, which can significantly reduce the freezing damage. Adding organic fertilizer: When the wheat is up and jointed, some organic fertilizers, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are added to promote root development, inhibit the aerial growth of the wheat seedlings, and enhance the cold resistance. Spraying conditioner: Before the arrival of the spring cold, spraying the plant nutrient on the foliar surface can improve the immunity of the plant and the ability to resist various disasters and reduce the harm. Post-disaster remedy Fertilizer and watering: Wheat is a crop with tillering characteristics. The wheat field that suffers from early spring freezing will not freeze all the parts of the wheat, and small axillary buds can grow into spikes. As long as management is strengthened, a good harvest can still be obtained. Wheat that has been damaged by early spring damage should be immediately applied with nitrogen fertilizer and watering. The synergistic effect of nitrogen and water will promote wheat early tillering, small cockroach cockroach, increase tillering rate, increase the number of ears per acre, and thus reduce the damage of freezing damage. . Generally, about 10 kg of urea is applied per mu. Secondary tillage: increase the ground temperature, increase the number of tillers, and obtain a good harvest. Spraying foliar fertilizer: After the wheat is frozen, spraying the plant cell membrane steady-state agent on the foliar surface will promote the growth of wheat, showing the rapid growth of medium and small tillers and the rapid growth of latent buds. Do a good job in pest control: subject to frozen wheat fields, more susceptible to pests and diseases, should be promptly prevented. Triadimefon or carbendazim spray can be used to control wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew and rust. Aphids can be controlled with imidacloprid spray to reduce losses.
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