What are the misunderstandings of fertilizing vegetables in greenhouses?

Q: Planting greenhouse vegetables is a high-input, high-output production method in a specific environment. How to fertilize properly?

Experts: The common misunderstanding in the process of fertilizing vegetables in greenhouses is that in the case of organic fertilizers, it is easy to burn roots without applying decomposed cake fertilizer or other unfertilized organic fertilizer. The cake fertilizer should be broken, soaked in human excrement for about 3 weeks, and the organic fertilizer with high carbon to nitrogen ratio is best accumulated for a period of time, decomposed by microorganisms, and then fermented after high temperature fermentation.

Q: What is wrong with the application of nitrogen fertilizer?

Experts: There are some misunderstandings in the application of nitrogen fertilizer in greenhouse vegetables: First, the application of ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate in greenhouses in winter. Ammonium sulfate is a physiologically acidic fertilizer that increases the acidity of the soil and destroys the soil structure after application. After the application of ammonium bicarbonate, a large amount of ammonia gas is volatilized. When the ammonia gas reaches a certain concentration, it is unfavorable for the growth of vegetables.
The second is the use of chlorinated fertilizer in greenhouses. Chloride ion can reduce the starch and sugar content of vegetables, so that the quality of vegetables is reduced and the yield is reduced. Moreover, chloride ions remain in the soil, which can lead to acidification of the soil, which easily causes decalcification of the soil and causes soil compaction.
The third is to fertilize under drought conditions. Vegetables are water-loving crops that fertilize when the soil is dry. Not only can the fertilizer not be fully exerted, but the concentration of the soil solution will suddenly increase, which will easily cause the vegetables to burn. Therefore, the application of vegetable fertilization should be combined with irrigation, and it is necessary to ditch and fertilize, and then fertilize the fertilizer after it is buried, or topdress with water.

Q: What are the misunderstandings in the application of phosphate fertilizer?

Experts: In winter, greenhouse vegetables use more diammonium phosphate as top dressing, which is difficult to meet the demand for nutrients in vegetables. Diammonium phosphate is a binary compound fertilizer containing 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus pentoxide. Vegetables require large amounts of nitrogen and potassium and require less phosphorus. For example, eggplant requires a ratio of NPK to 3:1:4, cucumber is 3:1:10, tomato is 6:1:12, and diammonium phosphate contains 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus, excluding Potassium, so it is not appropriate to apply more diammonium phosphate in the greenhouse, otherwise the accumulation of available phosphorus in the soil is too much, which is not conducive to balanced fertilization.
In addition, it is a dispersed application of phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus is easily fixed by chemical reaction with calcium (north), iron, and aluminum (south) in the soil to reduce fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer is suitable as a base fertilizer or concentrated in root-dense soil layers in the early stage of vegetable growth.

Q: What is the problem with potassium fertilizer application?

Expert: The effect of applying potassium fertilizer in the late stage of greenhouse vegetables is poor. Vegetables generally require more potassium fertilizer before and after flowering, and gradually decrease later. In order to solve this problem, it is recommended that potassium fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer, which can be applied deeper, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of crop roots. At the same time, it can also avoid the inconvenience of late fatning.

Q: What should I pay attention to when applying micro-fertilizer?

Expert: The application of trace element fertilizer in soil is not as effective as spraying liquid micro-fertilizer on the foliage. For example, iron-containing fertilizers are applied to the soil because iron is easily converted to poorly soluble compounds by the air in the soil and loses its effectiveness. It is safe and effective to spray on the vegetable leaf surface with 0.1%~3% ferrous sulfate solution by foliar spraying.

Q: What else do you want to remind the farmers?

Experts: Although planting greenhouse vegetables is a high-input, high-output, high-efficiency industry, it should not deviate from the direction of scientific fertilizer and rational fertilization. Attention should be paid to the high quality and high yield of greenhouse vegetables, and balanced fertilization is the key. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the comprehensive application of various fertilization technologies. To effectively understand the characteristics of crops and fertilizers, scientifically use fertilizers well, and get rid of the misunderstanding of fertilization, in order to improve fertilizer efficiency.
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