Main types of biological pesticides and five major advantages

Biological pesticides refer to the use of biological organisms (fungi, bacteria, insect viruses, genetically modified organisms, natural enemies, etc.) or their metabolites (pheromone, auxin, sodium naphthalene acetate, 2,4-D, etc.) to kill agricultural pests. Or inhibited preparation. Also known as natural pesticides, it refers to non-chemical synthesis, from natural chemicals or living organisms, and has the role of bactericidal pesticides and insecticides. Biological pesticides include microorganisms such as entomopathogenic nematodes, bacteria and viruses, plant derivatives and insect pheromones.

Biological pesticides refer to a class of pesticide preparations that use biological organisms or their metabolites to control pests such as pests, pathogens, weeds, nematodes, rodents, and other biological pesticides, or pesticides that have specific effects through biomimetic synthesis.

Biological pesticides are generally natural compounds or genetic modifiers, mainly including biochemical pesticides (pheromone, hormones, plant regulators, insect growth regulators) and microbial pesticides (fungi, bacteria, insect viruses, protozoa, or genetically modified). The two parts of the microorganism, agricultural antibiotic preparations are not included. According to its composition and source, bio-pesticide in China can be divided into four parts: microbial live pesticide, microbial metabolite pesticide, plant-derived pesticide and animal-derived pesticide.

Advantages of biological pesticides

Strong selectivity, safety for humans and animals

The market develops and applies a wide range of successful bio- pesticide products , which only have effects on pests and diseases. They are generally compared with humans, animals and various beneficial organisms (including natural enemies of animals, natural enemies of insects, bees, pollinators, aquatic organisms such as fish and shrimp). Safety, the impact on non-target organisms is also relatively small.

Little impact on the ecological environment

The role of biological pesticides in controlling harmful organisms is mainly to use the insecticidal, disease-preventing and growth-promoting functions of certain special microorganisms or metabolites of microorganisms. Its effective active ingredients are completely present and derived from natural ecosystems. Its greatest feature is that it is easily decomposed by sunlight, plants or various soil microorganisms. It is a kind of material circulation that comes from nature and belongs to nature. Therefore, they can be considered safe and pollution-free to the natural ecological environment.

Induced pest disease

Some biological pesticide varieties (insect pathogenic fungi, insect viruses, insect microsporidia, entomopathogenic nematodes, etc.) have the ability to spread horizontally or vertically through the eggs in the pest population, and have colonization and spread under certain conditions in the field. And the ability to develop fashion. It can not only exert control over the pests of the contemporary era, but also inhibit the harmful populations of future generations or leap years, with obvious aftereffects.

Three types of biological pesticides

Botanical pesticides have become one of the first choices for green biological pesticides due to their advantages of easy degradation and pollution-free in the natural environment, including plant-derived pesticides , plant-derived fungicides, plant-derived herbicides, and plant photoactivated molds. . The plant-derived insecticides that have been found in nature have pesticide activity, such as the Bossini bactericidal series, pyrethrin, nicotine and rotenone produced by Yanglin.

Animal-derived pesticides mainly include animal toxins such as spider toxin, wasptoxin, and silkworm toxin. Insect virus insecticides have been widely used in the United States, Britain, France, Russia, Japan and India. There are more than 40 insect virus insecticides registered, produced and applied internationally.

Microbial-derived pesticides are biological agents that use microorganisms or their metabolites to control agricultural harmful substances. Among them, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are the most widely used biocides in the world with the longest development time, the largest yield and the most successful application. The entomopathogenic fungi belong to fungi pesticides. It has special effects on rice black-tailed leaf disease; the insecticides such as Bataan or chlorpyrifos, which are derived from the chemical structure of the fungal pesticide, are widely used in actual production.

5 advantages

1 Biological pesticides are generally less toxic than traditional pesticides;

2 Strong selectivity, they only work on the target pests and a few organisms closely related to them. It is harmless to humans, birds, other insects and mammals;

3 low residue and high efficiency. A very small amount of bio-pesticides can perform high-efficiency effects, and it usually decomposes rapidly. Overall avoids environmental pollution problems caused by traditional pesticides;

4 is not easy to produce resistance;

5 can greatly reduce the use of traditional pesticides without affecting crop yields.

Use technology

1. Biological pesticides have incomparable effects of traditional pesticides. Traditional pesticides are used too much. Many pests have developed resistance, and pest resistance is becoming more and more strong. It is difficult for conventional pesticides to kill pests. The characteristics of biological pesticides refer to the scope of application, the route of action, the components of action and the mechanism of action. For example, Metarhizium anisopliae is effective against cockroaches, small green leaf crickets, tea horns, scorpion, scorpion, scorpion, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, aphid, etc., and by contact with the body wall of the pest, the spores of Metarhizium germinated and Extends the germ tube and invades the pests, multiplies in the pests and produces toxins, causing the pests to die. The conidia in the pest can spread repeatedly through the contact or wind, which can cause repeated infections in the population, leading to large-scale death of the pest.

2, biological pesticides can also be mixed with bio-insecticides, mixed with biocides , chemical pesticides are mostly acidic, physiologically neutral, no inhibition and synergy for bacteria and fungi, so can Fully compounded. Biocides can be mixed with most chemical agents and biopharmaceuticals, but they cannot be mixed with alkaline drugs. Only a few drugs can not be mixed with acidic agents. For example, Trichoderma can be used with most biocides and chemical insecticides. The agents are mixed at the same time.

3. The characteristics of biological pesticides are low toxicity, no residue, slow effect, and long-lasting effect. It is harmless to people, animals, and plants. It does not pollute the environment.

4. Conditions and matters for the use of biological drugs: the use of biological pesticides, the use of two or more drugs in combination, the use of a single drug in the case of prophylaxis and continuous use, but not suitable for use in the high incidence of pests and diseases . Before application, the applicator should be cleaned before being prepared and used. When applying the drug, it should be avoided as much as possible to avoid the effect of high light and high temperature.

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