The cover glass is covered on the material on the glass slide, which can avoid the contact between the liquid and the objective lens, so as not to contaminate the lens, and can make the top of the observed cells in the same plane, that is, the distance from the objective lens is the same, so that the observed Images are clearer.Why do you need a coverslip when using a microscope
The purpose of staining the specimen with iodine solution is to make the cells more obvious under the microscope, and it can also kill the cells and prevent the cells from migrating.
microscope cover slip,cover slip microscope,microscope slide cover,microscope cover glass Yong Yue Medical Technology(Kunshan) Co.,Ltd , https://www.yongyue-tube.com
Production equipment is the carrier of automobile manufacturing technology. The level and quality of automobile manufacturing depends on the level of equipment, and the international competitiveness of the automotive industry depends on the advanced level of equipment and manufacturing costs. With the continuous emergence of new products, new technologies, new processes and new materials, the automobile industry has put forward many production equipments as the Chinese market has almost demanded requirements for automobile manufacturers to reduce staff and increase efficiency, reduce costs and improve quality. New requirements.
At the opening of CCMT in 2010, Mr. Wu Bolin, executive vice chairman of China Machine Tool Industry Association, was interviewed. Mr. Wu Bolin combined with the characteristics of China's machine tool industry to deeply interpret China's "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan". Explore the development trend of the automotive industry and machine tool industry.
Author: First of all, please brief us on the economic operation characteristics of China's machine tool industry in 2009, and what outstanding achievements have been achieved?
Mr. Wu Bolin: In 2009, China's machine tool industry showed a trend of pre-suppression and post-up, and overall stability. The total industrial output value of the whole year was 40.14 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.1%. The market share of domestic metal processing machine tool output increased from 61% in the previous year to 70%, of which domestic CNC machine tools increased from 51.6% to 62%. Asset investment increased by 36% year-on-year.
For eight consecutive years, China has become the world's largest consumer of machine tools and the first importer. Affected by the financial crisis, Japan and Germany's machine tool production have fallen sharply. In 2009, China became the world's largest machine tool producer for the first time. The annual output value of metal processing machine tools was 15.3 billion US dollars, up 7.6% year-on-year; consumption was 19.79 billion US dollars, up 0.5% year-on-year.
The import and export of machine tools have fallen sharply and the deficit has continued to shrink. Foreign-invested imports of CNC metalworking machine tools have decreased significantly, and general trade imports have increased significantly. The total import volume for the whole year was 9.7 billion US dollars, down 21.1% year-on-year; the import of metal processing machine tools was 5.9 billion US dollars, down 22.1% year-on-year. The cumulative export was US$4.74 billion, down 33.5% year-on-year; the export of metal processing machine tools was US$1.41 billion, down 33.0% year-on-year.
This year, China's machine tool industry and enterprises have achieved initial results in gradually deepening independent innovation and structural adjustment, implementing national key industry adjustment and revitalization plans, and implementing national science and technology major projects. After the baptism of the global financial crisis, China's machine tool industry has undergone profound changes internally, and it is carrying out more in-depth structural adjustment and development and innovation with full enthusiasm and sufficient confidence. At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, the global economy showed signs of rebound. China’s investment in structural adjustment continued to increase, and orders from machine tool companies showed signs of rapid growth. It is expected that the growth rate of the machine tool industry will reach about 10% in 2010, and the gold cutting machine will achieve a higher single-digit growth; the metalworking machine tool import and export will see a recovery growth. Due to the rapid development of the industry for many years and the strengthening of product and industrial structure adjustment, the proportion of CNC machine tools and high-end machine tools has increased significantly, and the proportion of low-end products has continued to decrease.
The economic operation of China's machine tool industry in 2009 can be summarized into the following four characteristics:
1.2009 is the most prominent year for product structure adjustment in the past decade. We have a large number of large-scale machine tools, and there are many products with high gold content, high grades and high technical complexity, and the product structure changes greatly.
2. The ability of independent innovation and new product development has improved by leaps and bounds. A series of national policies, including the implementation of major special policies, have served as a booster. The current situation also makes us more aware of the importance of technology development.
3. While accelerating technology development and increasing basic R&D, the industry's fixed asset investment increased by 30% in 2009.
4. The business model has undergone a significant change. In the past, our machine tool manufacturers only focused on product sales, not on product development; light on hardware (how many equipment, how many products), not on software (technical strength and service awareness are relatively poor); light focus on product operation, not paying attention to capital Operation. In the past year, many of our companies have taken the lead in these areas.
Author: The annual demand of the automotive industry accounts for more than 40% of the machine tool order. Therefore, it can be said that the revitalization of the automobile industry has a significant positive impact on the machine tool industry. Please talk about the future prospects of machine tool equipment in China's automobile and its parts manufacturing industry.
Mr. Wu Bolin: From August to September 2009, the Machine Tool Association organized research on nine industries including automobile, shipbuilding, power generation, aviation, railway, textile, agricultural machinery, petroleum machinery and weapons. Due to time and manpower, Research on these industries is only focused on areas that are closely related to machine tool requirements. The survey results show that with the rapid growth of China's auto industry production and sales, the huge potential of the Chinese market is fully demonstrated.
1. Potential market analysis of the automotive industry The scale of fixed asset investment in the automotive industry will continue to grow at a high rate. In the auto industry, the fixed assets investment during the 10th Five-Year Plan period will be 235 billion yuan, the investment in the 11th Five-Year Plan will exceed 400 billion yuan, and the investment in the 11th Five-Year Plan to the 13th Five-Year Plan will reach 1.5 trillion yuan. In addition, according to the "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan", the special investment fund of the central government will be increased by 10 billion yuan during the three-year plan implementation period, with emphasis on supporting the technological progress and technological transformation of automobile production enterprises, and will drive the automobile and parts enterprises 1000. ~200 million yuan of corresponding investment. According to incomplete investigations, the projects currently under construction and newly built in China will increase the annual production capacity of millions of engines and millions of complete vehicles. Such as Beiqi Foton Cummins engine, Huatai Automobile Ordossky Land, Beiqi Foton South Production Base, Shenyang Mitsubishi Engine, Changchun FAW Toyota, Brilliance Auto, Guangzhou Auto Passenger Vehicle Project, Wuling Auto, Nanjing Auto and Geely Changsha Automobile Production Base, etc. Or new projects for the whole vehicle; in addition, several domestic automakers such as FAW, SAIC and Dongfeng will increase their production capacity by 65% ​​compared with the current level; Changan Automobile Engine, Liuzhou Wuling Liuji Power and Shanghai General Powertrain will be domestically Several car engine companies will expand their production capacity by 60% in 2013. All these new projects will trigger new machine tool requirements. According to the current investment plan and investment scale, according to the empirical data provided by the industry, if the average annual investment is 100 billion yuan and the equipment accounts for 70%, of which machine tools account for 50%, the automotive industry provides about 35 billion machine tools per year. Yuan market.
2. The demand of the automotive industry for machine tools The main body of machine tool consumption in the automotive industry is divided into two levels. One is the four processes for the production of complete vehicles, namely stamping, welding, painting and final assembly; the second is the engine. Automotive parts processing, transmissions, steering systems, brake systems, transmission systems and suspension systems. Only the machine tools for stamping are required in the four major processes of the whole vehicle, and the domestic stamping equipment is now fully capable of meeting the requirements. The focus of machine tool consumption is on the second level, that is, the processing of auto parts, which accounts for about 70% of the total equipment value of the whole vehicle. Some experts have estimated that the demand for machine tools for auto parts processing is 10 times larger than that of OEMs.
As the engine of the car core, its processing equipment is one of the most important car equipment. As new models accelerate into the market, the requirements for flexibility in the engine production line are stronger. Usually, an engine production line must meet the requirements for producing three models. The lightweight of the car makes the engine block and cylinder head material change from cast iron to aluminum alloy, which puts forward some new and higher requirements for the machine tool.
The main components that make up the engine are the cylinder block, the cylinder head, the crankshaft, the camshaft and the connecting rod. Most of the equipment for processing these parts is high-efficiency, high-performance and high-reliability CNC machine tools and special CNC machine tools. Among them, the flexible production lines for cylinder and cylinder head processing are mostly composed of horizontal machining centers; the crankshaft processing equipment is mainly equipment such as truck pulling machine tools, CNC crankshaft internal milling or external milling machines, CNC crankshaft grinding machines and crankshaft polishing machines; camshaft processing equipment is mainly Camshaft CNC lathes, camshaft grinders, etc.; the connecting rod processing is mostly dedicated equipment, such as double-face grinding machines.
Author: The level and quality of the car's manufacturing depends largely on the level of the machine tool. In your opinion, what are the main problems in the application of machine tools in China's automobile manufacturing industry?
Mr. Wu Bolin: In 2009, the statistics of China's machine tool industry statistics show that the market share of domestic metal processing machine tools continues to increase, reaching 70.1%; the market share of domestic CNC machine tools has reached 62%. However, in 2009, the gold content of China's machine tool products was high, and the variety of products was increased, but the profits did not go up. Looking at the nature through the phenomenon, we will find that there are still many problems in China's machine tool industry.
Through this survey of the automotive industry, there is a serious imbalance in the development of China's machine tool industry. The application in the automotive industry is that the production equipment for key engine components of major automobile factories in China is still mainly imported. At present, the value of imported equipment accounts for 90% to 95% of China's automobile engine production, and the localization rate of tools used in engine production lines does not exceed 10%. Compared with imported equipment, the gap between domestic machine tools is mainly reflected in three aspects:
First, lack of integration technology, lack of technology to integrate process systems and logistics systems into flexible manufacturing units or production lines; second, the reliability and stability of domestic machine tools have yet to be improved, especially in the mass production mode of automobiles. The contradiction is particularly prominent. Third, the domestic enterprises' service to users still stays in the after-sales service stage, and the automotive industry generally requires the provision of overall process equipment solutions. These gaps and problems should be brought to the attention of domestic machine tool manufacturers.
In addition, there are serious irrational phenomena in the industrial chain and industrial structure of the whole machine tool industry in China. Our numerical control system, functional components and tools have a serious lag with respect to the development of the mainframe. Compared with the main engine, the numerical control system The functional components and tools are not satisfactory in terms of “strong†and “bigâ€, and there is still a big gap between the current world level and even Taiwanese companies. To a certain extent, this restricts the sustainable development of China's high-end CNC machine tools, and must be highly valued by relevant leaders.
High-end CNC machine tools use imported CNC systems and functional components, do not master the core technology, seriously restricting the development of host manufacturing technology. Moreover, the use of imported functional components and numerical control systems, the host factory has little room for price reduction, so although our product structure and quantity have increased, but the profit has not been raised, this is a very important reason. Therefore, improving the R&D capability and manufacturing level of functional components and accelerating the industrialization of functional components have become an urgent need to pay attention to and solve problems, and are also the top priority of the industrial restructuring of the industry.
Author: The competition in the automobile market is fierce, and reducing the manufacturing cost is the trend of the times and the eternal subject of the company. The use of domestic machine tools is an objective need for automobile manufacturers to survive and reduce costs. Please talk about the joint innovation and coordinated development of China's automobile industry and machine tool industry.
Mr. Wu Bolin: The development of the automobile industry is inseparable from the equipment manufacturing industry, especially the technology and equipment support of the machine tool industry. The development of the machine tool industry will definitely promote the overall improvement of the manufacturing level and capabilities of the automobile industry. The two complement each other and develop interactively. Indeed, at present, there is still a certain gap between the domestic equipment manufacturing industry, especially the machine tool industry, and the world's advanced technology. However, it is impossible for China to rely on imports for a long time to realize the dream of a car-powered country. How to aim at the world's automotive equipment development cutting-edge technology and improve the overall equipment manufacturing level has become the historical mission of China's machine tool industry.
Only by thoroughly understanding the automotive manufacturing process, machine tool suppliers can develop process expert system software suitable for automotive production needs, in order to provide high-level turnkey projects to automotive industry users. Machine tool innovation and automobile innovation must be closely integrated. This is not artificially proposed by us. This is an inevitable law of historical development. As early as fifteen years ago, when I went to Detroit, I saw foreign machine tool manufacturers participating in the research and development of new products from local auto manufacturers. In Europe, the same is true of automakers such as Volkswagen and Opel that I have visited.
At present, how to carry out joint innovation and coordinated development among the machine tool industry and the automobile manufacturing industry, how to build an innovation platform for domestic automobile equipment manufacturing enterprises, automobile industry and scientific research institutions to build industry-university-research technology cooperation has already caused the height of relevant state departments and industries. Pay attention to it. Under the favorable conditions of current state policy support, machine tool industry enterprises must put their own and the users in various fields into an important position. The major special activities of “high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment†currently under development are to actively carry out the innovation system based on the key areas and emerging industries, and build an enterprise-based innovation system to produce advanced and applicable high-quality, high-performance Machine tool products. This will definitely guide the innovation elements to the alliance and promote the continuous improvement of the national automobile equipment technology. At the same time, to explore a new joint development path around industrial technology innovation, establish a mechanism and model for cooperation between industry, university and research institutes, build a cooperative community for revitalizing the automobile industry, and promote domestic automobile industry and equipment industry with more advanced technology and more sophisticated products. Coordinated development has great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.
In 2010, the key task of the CNC machine tool specialization is to promote the domestic machine tool into the key production line of key user areas by grasping a batch of demonstration projects, so that users can use the domestic machine tools with confidence. The machine tool industry should firmly grasp the strategic opportunity period of the automobile industry in the next ten years of development, aim at the current direction of automobile development, and target the world's automobile manufacturing technology to encourage and support small-displacement vehicles, energy-saving environmental protection and new energy vehicles. And the development of cutting-edge technology in equipment, significantly increase the market share of domestic machine tools, and gradually achieve import substitution, and common development with the domestic automotive industry.
Author: What are the main tasks of China's machine tool industry in 2010? What are the opportunities and challenges?
Mr. Wu Bolin: In 2010, the focus of China's machine tool industry can be summarized into one sentence, which is “one improvement†and “two adjustmentsâ€. “One improvement†refers to the improvement of the overall level of the machine tool industry; “two adjustments†is to actively adjust the product structure and industrial structure. It is more than one or two years to talk about structural adjustment and innovation. To finally achieve structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, and to improve innovation capability is the basis, and adjustment must rely on innovation. The structural adjustment without innovation ability is the wall reed, the top of the head is shallow; the same, innovation must have a purpose, to adjust the product and industrial structure.
The rapid development of the national economy and the accelerated policy environment for the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry have provided an unprecedented strategic opportunity for the development of the machine tool industry. “High-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing technology†is listed as one of the major special projects of the “National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Planâ€. Revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry as the main content of promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, CNC machine tools are one of the key points for the revitalization of equipment manufacturing industry in the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€. With the rapid and stable development of the national economy, the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry, the upgrading of the entire manufacturing industry and the demand for national defense modernization, and the steady growth of fixed asset investment, the total demand for CNC machine tools will continue to climb.
Historical experience tells us that key equipment and core technologies cannot be bought. The development facts show that without the revitalization of the CNC machine tool industry, there is no real revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry. The machine tool industry is a basic and strategic industry for national economic development and national defense construction, and is related to the overall development of the country.
Automobiles must innovate independently, and independent innovation is the strategic basis. Therefore, independent innovation and accelerated revitalization of the CNC machine tool industry are both strategic opportunities and severe challenges for the machine tool industry.
Through this survey of the automotive industry, there is a serious imbalance in the development of China's machine tool industry. The application in the automotive industry is that the production equipment for key engine components of major automobile factories in China is still mainly imported. At present, the value of imported equipment accounts for 90% to 95% of China's automobile engine production, and the localization rate of tools used in engine production lines does not exceed 10%. Compared with imported equipment, the gap between domestic machine tools is mainly reflected in three aspects:
First, lack of integration technology, lack of technology to integrate process systems and logistics systems into flexible manufacturing units or production lines; second, the reliability and stability of domestic machine tools have yet to be improved, especially in the mass production mode of automobiles. The contradiction is particularly prominent. Third, the domestic enterprises' service to users still stays in the after-sales service stage, and the automotive industry generally requires the provision of overall process equipment solutions. These gaps and problems should be brought to the attention of domestic machine tool manufacturers.
In addition, there are serious irrational phenomena in the industrial chain and industrial structure of the whole machine tool industry in China. Our numerical control system, functional components and tools have a serious lag with respect to the development of the mainframe. Compared with the main engine, the numerical control system The functional components and tools are not satisfactory in terms of “strong†and “bigâ€, and there is still a big gap between the current world level and even Taiwanese companies. To a certain extent, this restricts the sustainable development of China's high-end CNC machine tools, and must be highly valued by relevant leaders.
High-end CNC machine tools use imported CNC systems and functional components, do not master the core technology, seriously restricting the development of host manufacturing technology. Moreover, the use of imported functional components and numerical control systems, the host factory has little room for price reduction, so although our product structure and quantity have increased, but the profit has not been raised, this is a very important reason. Therefore, improving the R&D capability and manufacturing level of functional components and accelerating the industrialization of functional components have become an urgent need to pay attention to and solve problems, and are also the top priority of the industrial restructuring of the industry.
Author: The competition in the automobile market is fierce, and reducing the manufacturing cost is the trend of the times and the eternal subject of the company. The use of domestic machine tools is an objective need for automobile manufacturers to survive and reduce costs. Please talk about the joint innovation and coordinated development of China's automobile industry and machine tool industry.
Mr. Wu Bolin: The development of the automobile industry is inseparable from the equipment manufacturing industry, especially the technology and equipment support of the machine tool industry. The development of the machine tool industry will definitely promote the overall improvement of the manufacturing level and capabilities of the automobile industry. The two complement each other and develop interactively. Indeed, at present, there is still a certain gap between the domestic equipment manufacturing industry, especially the machine tool industry, and the world's advanced technology. However, it is impossible for China to rely on imports for a long time to realize the dream of a car-powered country. How to aim at the world's automotive equipment development cutting-edge technology and improve the overall equipment manufacturing level has become the historical mission of China's machine tool industry.
Only by thoroughly understanding the automotive manufacturing process, machine tool suppliers can develop process expert system software suitable for automotive production needs, in order to provide high-level turnkey projects to automotive industry users. Machine tool innovation and automobile innovation must be closely integrated. This is not artificially proposed by us. This is an inevitable law of historical development. As early as fifteen years ago, when I went to Detroit, I saw foreign machine tool manufacturers participating in the research and development of new products from local auto manufacturers. In Europe, the same is true of automakers such as Volkswagen and Opel that I have visited.
At present, how to carry out joint innovation and coordinated development among the machine tool industry and the automobile manufacturing industry, how to build an innovation platform for domestic automobile equipment manufacturing enterprises, automobile industry and scientific research institutions to build industry-university-research technology cooperation has already caused the height of relevant state departments and industries. Pay attention to it. Under the favorable conditions of current state policy support, machine tool industry enterprises must put their own and the users in various fields into an important position. The major special activities of “high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment†currently under development are to actively carry out the innovation system based on the key areas and emerging industries, and build an enterprise-based innovation system to produce advanced and applicable high-quality, high-performance Machine tool products. This will definitely guide the innovation elements to the alliance and promote the continuous improvement of the national automobile equipment technology. At the same time, to explore a new joint development path around industrial technology innovation, establish a mechanism and model for cooperation between industry, university and research institutes, build a cooperative community for revitalizing the automobile industry, and promote domestic automobile industry and equipment industry with more advanced technology and more sophisticated products. Coordinated development has great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.
In 2010, the key task of the CNC machine tool specialization is to promote the domestic machine tool into the key production line of key user areas by grasping a batch of demonstration projects, so that users can use the domestic machine tools with confidence. The machine tool industry should firmly grasp the strategic opportunity period of the automobile industry in the next ten years of development, aim at the current direction of automobile development, and target the world's automobile manufacturing technology to encourage and support small-displacement vehicles, energy-saving environmental protection and new energy vehicles. And the development of cutting-edge technology in equipment, significantly increase the market share of domestic machine tools, and gradually achieve import substitution, and common development with the domestic automotive industry.
Author: What are the main tasks of China's machine tool industry in 2010? What are the opportunities and challenges?
Mr. Wu Bolin: In 2010, the focus of China's machine tool industry can be summarized into one sentence, which is “one improvement†and “two adjustmentsâ€. “One improvement†refers to the improvement of the overall level of the machine tool industry; “two adjustments†is to actively adjust the product structure and industrial structure. It is more than one or two years to talk about structural adjustment and innovation. To finally achieve structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, and to improve innovation capability is the basis, and adjustment must rely on innovation. The structural adjustment without innovation ability is the wall reed, the top of the head is shallow; the same, innovation must have a purpose, to adjust the product and industrial structure.
The rapid development of the national economy and the accelerated policy environment for the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry have provided an unprecedented strategic opportunity for the development of the machine tool industry. “High-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing technology†is listed as one of the major special projects of the “National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Planâ€. Revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry as the main content of promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, CNC machine tools are one of the key points for the revitalization of equipment manufacturing industry in the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€. With the rapid and stable development of the national economy, the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry, the upgrading of the entire manufacturing industry and the demand for national defense modernization, and the steady growth of fixed asset investment, the total demand for CNC machine tools will continue to climb.
Historical experience tells us that key equipment and core technologies cannot be bought. The development facts show that without the revitalization of the CNC machine tool industry, there is no real revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry. The machine tool industry is a basic and strategic industry for national economic development and national defense construction, and is related to the overall development of the country.
Automobiles must innovate independently, and independent innovation is the strategic basis. Therefore, independent innovation and accelerated revitalization of the CNC machine tool industry are both strategic opportunities and severe challenges for the machine tool industry.
2. Make the specimen relatively fixed;
3. It is convenient to use the capillary phenomenon to form a gradient when adding various reagents (staining agent, acid, salt solution);
4. Avoid contamination of the specimen.
Interpretation of the revitalization plan of the automobile industry and discussion on the development trend of machine tools
In the vast world of wind and cloud, the Chinese automobile industry has undergone tremendous changes. In 2009, China's auto market continued to show rapid growth, with cumulative production and sales exceeding 13 million units, which is in line with the sharp decline in sales in the international auto market. Affected by national policies, the Chinese auto market not only completed the task of ensuring growth ahead of schedule, but also achieved good results in the adjustment of automobile product structure. In addition, the merger and reorganization of auto companies and the new energy auto industry are steadily advancing, China's auto industry Overall, it is showing a thriving development trend. China has become the world's largest auto consumer market and largest producer.