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Only water-soluble fertilizer can be applied with nitrogen, and urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used. In potassium fertilizer, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate can be applied, and potassium nitrate can also be used. In the phosphate fertilizer, even the water-soluble phosphorus monoammonium and phosphodiammonium should not be applied, because the phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility after being dissolved, and is easily fixed, and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water. The best way to apply phosphate fertilizer is to layer it into the soil, in order to improve its utilization. Nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced in a limited amount, regardless of cost. Blindly applying a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer will not only cause the waste of nutrients, but also cause the vegetables to grow in length and quality, and also cause pollution to water quality and increase soil salinization. In the vegetable planting, the amount of pure nitrogen per flushing should be controlled in the case of the unit area of ​​the 2 low-volume spray method, and the pesticide stock solution is diluted with water and sprayed. The amount of water added is equivalent to 1/5 to 1/10 of the conventional spray technique. The specific method is to replace the large-aperture spray of the conventional spray machine with a small-aperture spray with a diameter of 0.3 mm. This can reduce the loss of pesticides, save a lot of water, and improve the control effect.
The electrostatic spray method is equipped with a high-voltage static electricity generating device on the spraying machine, so that the deposition amount of the sprayed liquid droplets on the surface of the crop leaves is greatly increased, and the effective utilization rate of the pesticide can reach 90% to 95%.
The encapsulation method is more suitable for paddy fields. It only needs to spread the processed pills evenly in the field. It can increase the work efficiency by more than ten times than the conventional application method, and there is no pesticide drift phenomenon.
The cyclic spray method is equipped with a drug reflux device on the opposite side of the conventional spray member. The drug solution not deposited on the target plant is collected and pumped back into the medicine box, so that the pesticide can be recycled, and the effective utilization rate can be greatly improved.
The drug roll application method is mainly suitable for the prevention and control of systemic herbicides. The liquid medicine oozes from the surface of the medicine roll by a paint overflow made of a foam material capable of absorbing the liquid medicine, and the medicine roller only needs to contact the blade of the upper part of the weed to be effective. Almost all of the agent can be applied to the surface of the target plant without causing liquid spills and dripping.
Five ways to improve pesticide utilization
At present, fertilization is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open field vegetables. Because the fertilization effect is fast, it usually takes two or three days after the rush, and it is effective after three or five days. It is reflected in the change of leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the psychology of some eager growers. Rushing fertilizer, as the name suggests, is the application method of water-flooding. Generally, it is used as a top dressing to provide supplementary nutrition during the rapid growth period of crops. Since it is supplemental fertilization, it cannot replace the main fertilization methods such as base fertilizer. Fertilizer water can be applied because of the convenience of fertilizer application. Many farmers are accustomed to put different sizes of granular solid compound fertilizer, urea, potassium chloride, etc. in the bucket or even directly in the canal when the farmland is flooded. The flow of water reaches the roots of the crop, during which the dissolution of the fertilizer granules is not clear. Some people even smashed the granular high-concentration compound fertilizer and then applied it. Some people used uncompressed insoluble solid organic fertilizer or microbial preparations as fertilizers, which are not appropriate.
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