Basalt fiber (BF) is a fibrous material made from basalt by melt drawing process. Compared with ordinary glass fiber, basalt fiber has higher strength and modulus and wider temperature resistance range; compared with carbon fiber, it has lower production energy consumption and material cost. Basalt fiber has good corrosion resistance and flame retardancy, and the production process is environment-friendly (no emission of nitrogen and sulfur compounds), and is widely used in filter materials, building materials, fiber reinforced composite materials and other fields. However, basalt ore belongs to insulating materials, and this property limits the application of corresponding fiber materials in the field of electrical conduction. Recently, the composite team led by Ma Pengcheng, a researcher at the Xinjiang Institute of Physics and Chemistry at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, collaborated with Edith Mäder, a professor at the Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research in Dresden, Germany, to try to use basalt fiber as a base and use its own metal elements. Chemical vapor deposition technology was used to achieve the deposition and growth of different carbon nanomaterials on the surface of basalt fibers. The results show that by controlling the experimental conditions, a pyrolysis carbon nano-particles (PyC-BF) coating or carbon nanotubes (CNT-BF) can be grown on the surface of basalt efficiently and controllably, and the transformation of the fiber from the insulator to the conductor is realized. . The researchers embedded PyC-BF and CNT-BF fiber bundles in a polymer resin, and carried out the study of composites' health testing under the stretching conditions. It was found that the prepared fiber-reinforced composites exhibit a significant positive piezoresistive effect (ie, the resistance of the material increases under the external load conditions, and the resistance change rate of the material exhibits a linear relationship with strain within a certain stress range); The beam's conductive composite material is basically non-conductive (strain is about 4%) when the entire material is completely broken; during the stretching process, the resistance change will appear “step-like†rising behavior, which indicates that the internal fiber breaks. It is a single root fracture. Composites containing PyC-BF exhibit an "oblique step" approach (Fig. 1), while CNT-BF-containing fibers exhibit a "straight-step" approach (Fig. 2), which corresponds to the composition and morphology of the conductive layer on the fiber surface. The interfacial layer formed between the fiber and the resin is closely related to the wettability. The results of the study are published in Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. This research work has overturned the concept that traditional basalt fiber is an insulating material and realized the preparation of conductive basalt fiber. The research results are expected to increase the functional value of basalt fibers and expand their application fields. At the same time, they also provide a new technology to achieve the preparation of hierarchical structural fiber materials, and can be used as a potential fiber-reinforced composite interface strength adjustment method. Relevant scientific research results were reported at the 21st International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-21), introducing the research progress of the research team to international colleagues. The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National "One Thousand Talents Program", and Sino-German Scientific Research Cooperation Program.
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Fig. 1 The piezoresistive effect of basalt fiber containing pyrolytic carbon coating and its fiber reinforced composites 
Fig. 2 Piezoresistive effect of basalt fiber-coated basalt fiber and its fiber-reinforced composites