With the arrival of light snow and solar terms, a large number of snowfalls and cooling in the country, many PV projects officially entered the severe winter model. Winter construction should pay attention to what issues, Xiaobian talk with you. Earthworks Can earthwork be constructed in winter? It may or may not be appropriate. If it is necessary to construct it in winter, its construction method should be determined after a technical and economic comparison. Before the construction, plan carefully and make preparations for continuous construction. In earthwork construction in winter, the key is backfilling. Excavation instructions When earthwork is excavated by the method of preventing freezing, the insulation material may be used to cover it before freezing, or the topsoil may be ploughed and loosened. The depth of ploughing should be determined based on the local climatic conditions, generally not less than 30cm. Winter Construction Backfill Instructions 1. The soil thickness of each floor in the winter filling should be reduced by 20% to 25% compared with the normal temperature. The reserve settlement should be increased as compared with normal temperature. 2. Filling in winter should meet the following requirements: (1) The ice and snow insulation on the base should be removed before filling; (2) Within 1m of the surface of the fill slope, no frozen soil shall be used; (3) The frozen soil blocks in the packing should be evenly distributed and compacted layer by layer. The content should meet the design requirements. 3. The filling under the ground floor shall not contain frozen soil blocks in the packing. Antifreeze measures shall be taken before completion of the filling and before the construction on the ground. Concrete structure engineering 1. How do you specify the compressive strength of winter concrete? (1) The concrete formulated with Portland cement or ordinary portland cement is 30% of the designed concrete strength standard value. (2) The concrete formulated with slag Portland cement is 40% of the designed concrete strength standard, but not more than C10 concrete, and shall not be less than 5.0N/m2. 2. How to configure winter construction concrete? (1) In the preparation of concrete for winter construction, Portland cement or ordinary portland cement should be preferred. (2) The cement strength grade should not be lower than 32.5, the minimum cement amount should not be less than 300kg/m3, and the water-cement ratio should not be greater than 0.6. (3) Concrete mixed with anti-freezing agent is prohibited to use high-alumina cement. (4) The aggregates used for concrete must be clean and free of frozen and frozen minerals such as ice and snow. (5) Active concrete shall not be mixed with concrete containing potassium and sodium antifreeze. 3. What are the doorways for winter concrete admixture? (1) In the concrete poured in winter, the use of anti-freezing agents without chlorine salts and concrete with high anti-freezing properties should be used. Air-entraining agents or air-entraining water-reducing agents should be used. (2) When plain concrete is used, the amount of chlorine salt shall not exceed 3% of the weight of the cement. 4. What are the requirements for winter concrete mixing? (1) The preparation of antifreeze solution and the amount of antifreeze should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standards. (2) Strictly control the water-cement ratio of concrete, the moisture contained in the aggregate and the moisture in the antifreeze solution should be deducted from the mixing water. (3) Use hot water or steam to rinse the mixer before mixing. The stirring time should be 1.5 times the normal temperature stirring time. (4) The exit temperature of the concrete mixture should not be lower than 10°C, and the mold temperature should not be lower than 5°C. 5. What are the requirements for pouring winter concrete construction? (1) Concrete should be cleaned of snow, ice and dirt on the formwork prior to pouring. (2) Containers for transport and pouring of concrete should have insulation measures. (3) Formwork and insulation shall be removed after the concrete is cooled to 5°C. (4) When the temperature difference between the concrete and the outside is greater than 20°C, the surface of the demolished concrete shall be covered by temporary covering measures that allow it to cool slowly. 6. What do you need to pay attention to in winter temperature concrete concrete temperature measurement? (1) The weather temperature is measured four times every day and night, and the temperature is recorded at 8 o'clock, 12 o'clock, 16 o'clock and 20 o'clock respectively. (2) The temperature of cans and moulds entering the concrete shall not be less than 4 times per shift. (3) When the physical temperature is measured, the temperature measuring element should be isolated from the outside air temperature. The measuring position of the temperature measuring element should be located at 20mm below the surface of the structure, and should be kept within 3mm of the temperature measurement hole. 7. How to arrange winter temperature concrete hole? (1) The temperature measurement hole is generally set in a representative structural part and a part with a large temperature change and easy cooling. (2) The temperature measuring hole on the beam shall be perpendicular to the axis of the beam. The hole depth shall be 1/3 to 1/2 of the height of the beam. (3) Floor temperature measurement hole layout is not more than 5m spacing in vertical and horizontal directions. Each room area is not more than 20m2. One temperature measurement hole can be set. The temperature measurement hole is perpendicular to the board surface, and the hole depth is 1/3 of the board thickness. To 1/2. (4) When the wall thickness is within 20cm and less than 20cm, the temperature measurement hole is set on one side, the hole depth is 1/2 of the wall thickness; when the wall thickness is greater than 20cm, the temperature measurement hole is set on both sides, and the hole depth is the thickness of the wall. /3, not less than 10cm The temperature measurement hole is inclined to 30° from the board surface. Large-area wall temperature measuring holes are arranged at a spacing of not more than 5m in both vertical and horizontal directions. When the area of ​​each wall is less than 20m2, a temperature measuring hole can be provided on each side. (5) Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete columns: One temperature measuring hole is provided at the lower end of each column. (6) Before pouring the concrete, prepare a 150mm long (diameter 10mm) white iron tube in advance and seal it with tape at both ends. During the pouring, the temperature measuring tube is placed according to the drawing frame of the temperature measuring hole drawn in advance. (7) When using the negative temperature curing method, it should be measured every 2 hours before reaching the critical strength for freezing. (8) After the concrete reaches critical freezing strength, the temperature measurement can be stopped. 8. What are the special places for winter concrete curing? (1) Maintenance under negative temperature conditions, watering is strictly prohibited and the exposed surface must be covered. (2) The initial curing temperature of the concrete shall not be lower than the prescribed temperature of the antifreeze. When the temperature is not up to the specified temperature, insulation measures shall be taken immediately. (3) Concrete mixed with anti-freezing agent should have a strength of not less than 3.5 N/m2 when the temperature drops below the prescribed temperature of the antifreeze. (4) When the difference between the surface temperature of the concrete and the ambient temperature after demoulding is greater than 15°C, the concrete shall be covered with insulation material.
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