Solar Flood Light,Solar Led Flood Lights,Solar Powered Flood Lights,Solar Powered Security Lights Guangdong Smart Street Lighting Co., Ltd , https://www.fldlight.com
1. Biomass energy has excellent environmental and economic benefits.
Burning straw in open field has been repeatedly banned, and it has become one of the main seasonal sources of smog in today's smog; livestock manure has become a major source of pollution for water bodies and the atmosphere; forestry harvesting, materials, and processing residues have accumulated in large quantities, which has become a hidden danger of forest fires and pests and diseases. ... The biomass industry can transform these organic “waste†and “pollution sources†into high-end green energy and materials in the process of harmlessness and resource utilization, opening up a new world for modern agriculture and farmers to increase their income.
Today's environmental protection, with a focus on reducing emissions and stagnation. Compared with coal-fired power generation, biomass power generation has obvious advantages. Biomass solid fuels are low in ash and low in sulfur, and emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and soot particles are much lower than those of coal-fired power generation. According to statistics, as of the end of 2013, 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country have developed biomass power generation projects with an approved capacity of 12,000 megawatts and an online power of 35.6 billion kWh. Biomass power generation is concentrated in the eastern part of China's agricultural and economically developed regions, and the electricity consumption in the four provinces of Sulu, Guangdong and Zhejiang accounts for 48% of the country.
The difficulty in reducing emissions is the country's more than 500,000 small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers under 20 tons. They are difficult to clean and burn, highly dispersed in towns and cities, small in size, with annual consumption of 270 million tons of standard coal, 600,000 tons of soot, 2.26 million tons of sulfur dioxide and 1 million tons of nitrogen oxides. "Coal to gas" is of course good, but the "qi" source is extremely scarce and the cost is high. If these boilers are modified to use biomass-forming fuels, there will be another picture. The soot, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted by biomass-forming fuels are basically the same as natural gas emission standards. Although the heating price is slightly higher than current coal, it is only 60% of natural gas and 70% of heavy oil. At the same time, using shaped fuel for heating, it can also consume 10 million tons of crop straw, create many jobs and increase farmers' income.
High-water content organic pollution sources such as livestock manure and organic waste water from the processing industry are the focus of environmental protection. The best way is to use biogasification and turn pollution into energy. Biogasification is harmless by microbial action under anaerobic conditions, producing about 60% of methane containing methane, and purifying and purifying bio-natural gas with methane content of 80% or more and the same quality as ordinary natural gas. BNG).
Biogas can be incorporated into common natural gas pipelines and can also generate compressed vehicle fuels. According to the relevant information, each cubic meter of bio-natural gas can drive 15% of the mileage of the car more than 1 liter of gasoline, and the price is only 85%-90% of the gasoline; the harmful gas emissions in the exhaust gas are only 10% of the gasoline-50 %. In 2012, there were more than 13,800 biogas plants in Europe, producing about 14 billion cubic meters of biogas. In the 10 years from 1999 to 2009 in Germany, the number of biogas plants increased from 850 to 4,780, and the installed capacity increased from 49 MW to 1600 MW, surpassing hydropower.
China has always attached importance to the development of rural household biogas. In recent years, it has only begun to promote the biogas industrialization. In March 2011, the first domestic bio-natural gas production of more than 10,000 cubic meters per day was completed in Guangxi with high-concentration organic wastewater from starch plants. . Beijing Deqingyuan and Shandong Minhe two large farms produce 20,000 and 30,000 cubic meters of biogas per day respectively. Henan Tianguan Alcohol Factory produces 300,000 cubic meters of biogas per day, which is mainly used for rural heating. In 2015, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Energy Administration jointly launched the construction of the Inner Mongolia Bio-natural Gas Demonstration Zone. China's biological natural gas has ushered in the spring of development.
According to the data of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2014, the total amount of livestock and poultry manure discharged from large-scale farming in China was about 837 million tons in 2009, with a potential of 47 billion cubic meters of biogas production. If it is blended with other organic waste such as straw in a ratio of 1:2, it has an annual production potential of more than 100 billion cubic meters of biological natural gas, equivalent to three times the amount of natural gas imported from Russia in 2018.
In addition, the production and consumption processes of biomass energy sources are low-carbon, biogas and bio-natural gas production processes are more negative carbon, and can make plant nutrients return to the soil to the maximum extent, while turning waste into treasure, It can solve the problem of farmers' energy use and income increase.
Second, the breakthrough of technology promotes the reproduction of biomass
Water, wind, solar, and nuclear energy can only produce electricity and heat products, while biomass produces electricity and heat, and has solid, gas, and liquid three-state green energy, as well as green materials and organic chemical products. Can be replaced by bio-based materials. In the replacement of fossil energy, liquid clean fuel still dominates. During the global oil crisis of the 1970s, the United States, Europe and Brazil first developed fuel ethanol based on corn and sugar cane in the search for alternative energy sources, with an annual global production of 80 million tons. However, as the scale of production expanded, the contradiction between food supply and food supply deepened and was questioned in the 2008 global food crisis.
Subsequently, the United States and Europe and other countries began to study the use of biomass cellulose as raw material, the production of cellulosic ethanol by enzymatic method, but the long-term attack can not be achieved, so far the production cost has not met the commercial requirements. In recent years, in the thermochemical method, that is, using lignocellulose as a raw material, important progress has been made in synthesizing hydrocarbon products such as high-quality biofuels, aviation kerosene and lubricating oils, and natural gas. This method greatly expands the source of raw materials for bioenergy, reduces the cost of raw materials, and avoids the limitation of raw materials and small blending ratio (10%) of fuel ethanol. It is a milestone revolution in the history of biomass science and technology. What is exciting is that China's existing enterprises are at the forefront of the world in the commanding heights of this technological innovation.
Wuhan Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group Co., Ltd. has been operating a high-end biofuel demonstration production line with lignocellulose as its raw material for three consecutive years. The other two production plants with an annual output of 300,000 tons are under construction, and its technical level ranks among the top in the world. In addition, Inner Mongolia Jinjiao Group also uses lignocellulose as raw material to successfully convert important platform compound intermediates such as levulinic acid, which can be used to derive high-end bio-liquid fuels such as biodiesel, gasoline and aviation kerosene, as well as co-production of various organisms. Based on fine chemical products, two production plants with annual production capacity of 100,000 tons and 80,000 tons were built in 2009 and 2012. This project has a low investment amount, simple processing steps and green production process, which is an original achievement of China.
The breakthrough of the above two technologies makes non-grain lignocellulose can replace starch and oil as raw materials to produce high-end bio-liquid fuel, so that China's large marginal land without economic output can become a biomass oil and gas field. According to the land survey data of the Ministry of Land and Resources based on the county level in 2014, China has a marginal land of 165.55 million hectares. In other words, this is a green oil and gas field that is bigger than the total cultivated land in the country and will never be exhausted.
The environmental significance of these two technological breakthroughs is that thermochemically synthesized biofuels have outstanding emission reduction and clogging functions. American scholars began research on diesel aerobic additives in the 1980s, demonstrating that the addition of 15%-20% levulinate to ordinary diesel fuel can reduce exhaust smoke particles by 50%-60%. However, since levulinate is mainly produced by conversion of glucose or petroleum-based products, the amount is low and the price has not been widely used. At present, China has achieved breakthroughs in this technology, and it has been able to achieve high volume and low price and mix with ordinary diesel in any proportion. This result is very effective in improving tail gas pollution in Beijing diesel vehicle trials and should be widely used.
According to the 2012 report of the International Energy Agency, biomass energy is the world's fourth largest energy source, accounting for 78% of the world's renewable energy consumption. It is proposed to increase the biofuel production by more than one time to achieve the goal of controlling atmospheric temperature by 2 °C in 2020. Among them, advanced biofuels require six times the current production. Under the background of promoting green development in China, the development and utilization of biomass energy can be said to be promising!
(Author: Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, China Agricultural University, former president)
Why develop biomass?
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed "accelerating the development of wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, and safe and efficient development of nuclear power." Among them, biomass energy is produced by using organic waste such as agriculture and forestry and energy plants planted in marginal land as raw materials. Biomass energy is characterized by abundant resources, renewable, clean and environmentally friendly, low carbon emissions, convenient storage and transportation, and closely related to “agriculture, rural areas and farmersâ€. In China, the development of biomass energy is of great significance.