The Ministry of Agriculture has introduced technical points for the management of spring wheat throughout the country. Come and see!

At present, "rainwater" has passed, and most of the winter wheat in the main producing areas has returned to green and rose, which is the key period for strengthening the spring field management, promoting the transformation of the seedlings, and setting up a shelf for high yield. Affected by continuous rainfall during the autumn broadcast last year, the wheat sowing period was delayed in some areas, and the area of ​​late sowing wheat increased. In addition, the average temperature in winter and spring in the main producing areas was lower than normal, and the current seedling growth was generally weak.

In response to the characteristics of winter wheat seedlings this year, the Ministry of Agriculture released the "2018 National Winter Wheat Field Management Technical Opinions" yesterday, stating that the spring field management should adhere to the principle of "promoting the main, promoting the combination of control, strengthening the classification management due to the conditions of the seedlings. Promote the transformation and upgrading of seedlings, prevent and control pests and weeds, and prevent and remedy the technical damage of spring frost damage, do a good job in spring wheat field management, and consolidate the foundation of summer grain harvest.

The following is the original text:

　　

1. Huanghuai and Northern Winter Wheat Area

Wheat in the southern part of the area has returned to green, and the central and northern parts are still in winter. Because the area of ​​late-sown wheat is larger than last year, and there is less precipitation in winter, the current situation is biased and the seedlings are weak.

The first is to suppress the watering, watering and protecting. Early spring suppression can crush the clods, seal the cracks, solidify the frozen and melted soil in winter, improve the moisture, make the soil and the roots close together, which is beneficial to the roots to absorb nutrients; the depression can increase the ground temperature and reduce the evaporation of soil moisture. The suppression and the combination of the sputum and the sputum are carried out, and the sputum is pressed first, and the effect of loosening the soil, improving the mites, increasing the temperature, and preventing the drought and promoting the early onset of the seedlings is achieved. For the hanging root seedlings and the extensive cultivation, the sloping of the soil, and the returning of the straw to the soil, the land is loosened, and the soil is replenished after the early spring soil is frozen, and the drought is protected. For dryland wheat fields without irrigating conditions, the soil is repressed in time after freezing, which promotes the upward movement of soil moisture, which plays a role in lifting, protecting and drought.

The second is to promote the combination of control and classification.

For the three types of seedlings, the main should be promoted. "A needle" or "Tulipi" wheat field, through the "early stroke, early fatning" and other measures to promote the transformation and upgrading of the seedlings. In the early spring, when the surface soil is frozen by 2 cm, it begins to draw, and the temperature increases and promotes early onset. At the same time, in the early spring, after the soil is frozen, the nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the roots and increase the number of panicles. As long as the sensation is acceptable, try to avoid watering in early spring, so as not to reduce the ground temperature, affecting the soil permeability and delaying the growth of wheat seedlings. When the average daily temperature is stable at 5 °C, the three types of seedlings can be fertilized and watered, and 5-8 kg of urea is applied per mu to promote the transformation and upgrading of the three types of seedlings; 5-8 kg of urea per acre is added to the jointing stage to promote the development of the spikes. Increase the number of grains per panicle.

For the second type of seedlings, the focus is to appropriately promote spring tillering, consolidate the tillering before winter, and increase the tillering rate. Fertilizer and water management should be carried out during the period of wheat's rise, and 10-15 kg of urea should be chased in combination with watering.

For a type of seedling, the nitrogen fertilizer is highlighted. For a type of wheat field with a high level of soil fertility and a population of 70-800,000, it is topdressed and watered in the middle and late stages of wheat jointing to obtain higher yield; a kind of wheat field with a horizontal level of 600-700,000 in the early stage of wheat jointing Carry out fertilizer and water management, combined with watering acres to chase urea 15 kg.

The third is to prevent and control pests and diseases, chemical weeding. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases such as sheath blight, total erosion, wheat spiders, and midges, and guide farmers in scientific selection and safe use of drugs, timely prevention and prevention, and joint prevention and treatment. For wheat fields that have not been chemically weeded before winter, after the average temperature of the day has passed 6 °C, choose sunny weather from 10 am to 4 pm, chemical weeding in time, select suitable herbicides according to the type of weeds in the field, and strictly follow the requirements. In order to avoid phytotoxicity.

The fourth is to prevent freezing damage and timely remediation. Pay close attention to the weather changes, timely irrigation before cooling, improve soil moisture, adjust the near-surface layer microclimate, reduce the ground temperature change range, and prevent early spring frost damage. After the occurrence of freezing damage, timely apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and then water, to promote the recovery of frozen wheat.

Second, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area

The wheat in this area has begun to return to green, but the area of ​​late sowing is large, the amount of rain and snow in winter is high, the temperature is low, and the proportion of weak seedlings is high. Some wheat fields are not high standard, the soil is wet, and it is easy to cause waterlogging; most of the wheat fields are winter. Not removed before.

First, because of the fertilization of the seedlings, the weak and strong. In the spring, check the seedlings in time, when the group is too small, the three types of seedlings with less than 350,000 mu stems and the severely de-fermented wheat fields will be topdressed after the greening, and the weak and strong, and the full ear will be applied. 8 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 10% nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content of 10-15 kg; suitable for the first and second types of wheat field in the population of stems and stalks, jointing fertilizer in the normal color of leaves, plants When the first section of the base is close to the fixed length and the second section is extended by 1-2 cm, it is beneficial to cultivate the strong stalk and large spike; for the wheat field where the population is too large and the leaf color is not normally faded, the joint fertilizer should be postponed appropriately. Apply to prevent lodging.

The second is to clear the ditch and drain the water. In the early spring, the wheat fields that have not opened the drainage ditch should catch the sunny day and open the three ditch in the wheat field as soon as possible. The ditch and soil should be evenly spread to avoid damage to the wheat seedlings. The ditched wheat field ensures that the three ditch outside the wheat field is unblocked.

The third is to prevent freezing damage and early remediation. In the 2-3 days after the occurrence of wheat freezing damage, the degree of freezing of the young panicles was investigated, and the wheat field with a mortality rate of more than 10% of the stalks was timely topdressed, and the freezing rate of young ears was 10%-30%. The mortality rate is 30%-50% of the wheat field, 7.5-10 kg of urea is applied, and the freezing rate of 50% or more of the wheat field is 12-15 kg of urea, and the small tillers and high nodes are divided into ear.

The fourth is to prevent and cure diseases and chemical weeding. Focus on strengthening the monitoring and control of diseases and insect pests such as scab, powdery mildew, sheath blight and rust, especially in the heading stage and early flowering. All localities should carry out chemical weeding according to the type of weeds in time to control the weed damage. For the wheat fields where the population is too large and there is a risk of lodging, the control should be timely suppressed or controlled.

Third, Southwest Wheat Region

The wheat in this area is in the late stage of jointing, and the overall condition of the seedlings is good, but the temperature continues to be low from late January to early February, and the birth process is later than normal. Most of the soils in the region were suitable for waterlogging, and the waterlogging of hilly rice and wheat was obvious, and the incidence of stripe rust was slightly heavier than the same period last year. Management measures to promote the main, promote control and integration.

The first is scientific fertilization to promote seedlings and strong. For rice-buckwheat with a yield of 400-500 kg per mu, the total amount of pure nitrogen should be 9-11 kg. The farmer has applied 6 kg of pure nitrogen at the bottom of the mu, and then applied 3-5 kg ​​at the jointing stage. For hilly dryland wheat with late sowing, small population, or weak growth, apply 2-3 kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer.

The second is to see the hydrating water, clear the ditch and remove the stains. This year's winter and spring continue to be dry and less rainy, need to add water to ensure the differentiation of small flowers, pay attention to the field water holding time should not be too long. In the hilly area, the mountain is deep and the ditch is still wet. It should be noted that the ditch is removed.

The third is pest control and monitoring of rust. From February to mid-March, it is a key period for the prevention and treatment of strip rust central disease groups. It is necessary to spray the control of the central disease group (sick strain) to prevent disease epidemics. Scab is mainly for prevention, and it is mainly controlled from heading to early flowering. We will formulate control measures for scab that focus on “one spray and multiple defenses”, and combine the prevention of pests such as scab, stripe rust, and aphids, and timely spray control.

The fourth is to prevent low temperatures and prevent freezing damage. The “cold spring cold” activities are frequent, and areas that pose a threat to safe booting and flowering should be strengthened by water and fertilizer management measures to enhance the resistance of wheat to low temperature, reduce the abortion of small flowers, and stabilize the number of grains per ear.

Fourth, Northwest wheat area

Most of the wheat in this area is in the wintering period, and the current soil moisture is better, but due to the large area of ​​late-seeded wheat, the seedlings are weak. Gansu Province is the main summer and wintering area of ​​wheat stripe rust in China, which has a great impact on wheat production safety. The management of irrigated wheat is carried out in accordance with the Huanghuai wheat area, and the management techniques of dryland wheat are as follows.

The first is to suppress and control. For wheat fields with good lyrics, when the surface soil is thawed by 2 cm in the spring, the early spring will be topped, the dead leaves will be removed, the temperature will be protected, the cracks will be bridged, and the growth of wheat will be promoted. For wheat fields with a lot of soil and darkness, after all the soil in the spring is thawed, it is necessary to take repressive measures to eliminate soil waste and prevent soil voids from causing runny. For the wheat fields with less population and weaker individuals, the soil in the early spring is fully thawed and then shallow. For water wheat fields, watering in the spring or after the rain should also be timely cut to eliminate the knot.

The second is to use the rain to topdress and promote the seedlings to grow stronger. For dryland wheat fields that are sown at the time of sown, lack of bottom fertilizer or no bottom fertilizer, the seedlings, lyrics, and base fertilizers can be seen. In the early spring, the rain and snow are topdressing or trenching and topdressing. For late-wedding weak seedlings and under-fertilizer wheat fields, 5-5 kg ​​of urea can be applied per mu, and appropriate amount of diammonium phosphate can be applied.

The third is to prevent freezing damage and timely remediation. In the northwestern spring, the temperature fluctuates greatly, and the cold wave weather is frequent, and the probability of spring frost damage is high. For a small number of leaves, the frozen wheat field can be used to improve the ground temperature and promote development. The leaves are severely frozen, but the wheat fields with good sensation can be rectified by means of cultivating and cultivating with foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulator. For wheat fields with poor grievances, water should be taken and 5 kg of urea should be applied to promote the growth of leaves and small tillers, and the small crickets should be rushed to increase the rate of ear formation and increase the number of ears per mu.

The fourth is to control pests and diseases, chemical weeding. For the wheat fields that have not been chemically weeded in autumn, a thorough chemical weeding is carried out on the wheat fields during the regreening period to the beginning of the body to reduce the weeds and strive for water. Do a good job in monitoring and controlling pests and diseases such as wheat stripe rust, sheath blight, wheat stubble, and red spider, and promptly guide farmers to scientifically select medicines, rationally use drugs, and green control. Accurately monitor the stripe rust disease group in the wheat field in southern Gansu Province, take medicine to investigate, find one point, control one piece, and improve the control effect. (National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Wheat Experts Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture)