Talking about the Present Situation and Development of the Application of the External Wall Stone Dry Hanging Technology

I. Overview of stone curtain wall and dry hanging process

The façade of the exterior wall is solemn and majestic, which makes the building more contemporary and artistic. In recent years, its development and application have been quite extensive.

The definition of the building curtain wall. The curtain wall is composed of metal construction and various kinds of plates. The building exterior structure is suspended from the main structure and does not bear the load and function of the main structure. It is called the building curtain wall.

Stone dry hanging process. The stone dry hanging process utilizes corrosion-resistant bolts and flexible joints, and the marble, granite and other facing stone materials are T-shaped pendants, etc., and are fixed on the outer steel frame of the building structure by means of adhesive glue, and 40 is left between the structure and the structure. ~50mm cavity. The main requirement of the finished product of the process is that the finished surface of the stone should be flat, the seam should be horizontal and vertical, and the glue joint should be even. At present, the amount of materials used for exterior walls is relatively large.

Second, the stone construction technology

Exterior wall treatment. Clean the external steel plate and check whether the pre-buried position is correct. If the position of the embedded part is offset, the rear anchor plate is used for reinforcement. The calculation requirements for the design of the rear embedded parts: 1) The strength of the on-site drawing strength shall be determined by the designer according to the structural calculation book; 2) The chemical bolts and expansion bolts used shall be determined according to the nature, type and calculation data of the curtain wall, and It should comply with the technical specifications of curtain wall engineering; 3) The structural base of the post-embedded parts, the strength grade of reinforced concrete components should not be lower than C30; 4) In principle, expansion bolts should not be used. In the special case, if the expansion bolt is used, it should be set according to the design dosage 2-4 times, and each layer should be effectively pulled.

Measure and divide the line of defense. Lateral control line: The level gauge is used to guide the detection of ±0.000m elevation line as the main standard. And set the horizontal reference line of each layer. Starting from the top of the outer wall, from top to bottom, use each floor's baseline to fine-tune and eliminate errors. Longitudinal control line: Systematic measurement of the deviation of the original structure axis. If the deviation between the actual size and the design value is small, the error can be eliminated by reasonable division, otherwise the structure needs to be processed; a vertical reference line is set every 20m on the exterior wall of the building with the theodolite. The vertical division of the outer wall surface is carried out according to the division unit, and the lead wire is used, and the distance between the upper and lower points and the reference line is measured, and the elastic line is corrected. The vertical and horizontal control lines form a plane control network for the split line.

The main keel is installed. According to the analysis, determine the model specifications of the main keel and number them. Ensure that the keel of the processed part is unbiased. Install the mullion on both ends of the same façade first, and the pull wires are controlled on the same plane, and the middle mullion is installed in order. The installation is completed and the anti-rust treatment is performed in time.

The installation of the wall drop pipe and the lightning protection system, the installation of the wall pipe equipment and the concealed acceptance. After the main keel is installed, the construction work of the roof rainwater riser and the lightning protection grounding device laid in the dry stone panel of the external wall shall be completed, and the acceptance work of the concealed project shall be completed. Lightning protection grounding, galvanized flat iron is welded to each layer of vertical keel, and then welded to the lightning protection grounding point of the wall and beam. Reasonable lightning protection and anti-static sensing measures ensure that the curtain wall is protected from lightning strikes or static electricity, which affects the safe use of indoor equipment throughout the building.

Secondary skeleton installation. After the main keel is installed, the horizontal line is divided into the main keel. Check and impeach. The secondary keel is installed according to the elastic line; it is required to measure the actual size according to the site to process the secondary keel and install it in number. Before the construction of the secondary keel, it is necessary to brush the antirust paint three times. The top surface of the installation process should be straight, the outer side control should be on the same plane as the column, and it must be perpendicular to the mullion.

Pendant installation. The secondary keel is welded and the stainless steel bolts are fixed with stainless steel bolts. The position of the stainless steel pendant is adjusted by the degree of freedom of the hanger bolt hole. After the board surface is vertical, tighten the bolts. The bolt tightening is based on the full horizontal flattening of the stainless steel spring washer.

The stone finish is dry mounted. The dry hanging process of the stone directly affects the sensory effect of the dry hanging surface of the stone, and the principle of first construction of the model should be adopted. Before the stone is on the wall, remove the dust and gravel from the tank. During the installation process, the lower end of the stone is in a fixed state, and the upper end is in a state of being placed. The adhesive is injected into the hole at the lower end of the stone, and inserted into a pre-prepared stainless steel gasket for fixing, and is checked by the ruler from bottom to top. The stainless steel gasket can be taken out after it has been fixed. In principle, the slate surface is pressed by a large surface. The large angle of the building and the angle of the column are V-shaped cut angles. The plate has a groove width of 60 mm and a hole depth of 16 mm. The outer surface of the plate is 12.5 mm from the outer surface of the plate. The installation of the plates must be followed by the line, leveling according to the specifications, reporting, and finding vertical. The plate around the protrusion requires the whole plate to be cut and the size is accurate. The edges are neat and tidy, smooth, wall skirt, face, etc., and the upper mouth is required to be straight. The position of the window hole is such that the stone is pressed correctly, the flow direction is correct, and the drip line is straight.

Third, engineering application control and technical difficulties

Changes in construction procedures. The performance is that the owner is not sure about the overall appearance of the curtain wall, and the internal opinions are not uniform. Some buildings located on urban trunk roads have higher requirements for landscape planning, and the design schemes during the curtain wall construction process are constantly changing. The Jiayang Building Project is located in the prosperous section of Taijiang Road, Fuzhou City. The original structure is pre-buried according to the design requirements. The rear exterior wall decoration is commissioned by a landscape company in Shanghai to redesign the column. The practice has raised a lot of visual effects, but it also caused the position of the partially embedded iron parts to be inconsistent with the construction drawings of the stone curtain wall, which led to the reinforcement of the post anchor bolt process, which increased the engineering cost and extended the construction period.

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