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Vegetables suddenly encounter low temperatures at higher temperatures, and their physiological functions are abnormal, such as leaves or fruits, which exhibit various abnormal states. Common symptoms in the shed are: dry leaves, yellowing, wilting, malformed flowers, falling flowers, early flowers or early convulsions.
The impact of the cold spring on the different growth stages of vegetables and the countermeasures are summarized as follows for the reference of the farmers.
At the seedling stage, most of the arch shed vegetables are in the slow seedling stage or the germination stage. If this period encounters a cold current, the upper part leaves are firstly victimized. The seedlings of the seedlings are chlorotic at the edge of the cotyledon, and the appearance of "white borders" appears. The normal temperature recovery will not affect the true hair growth. True leaf damage often manifests as dark green leaves and gradually dry up. The growth point is more serious, which often causes the top bud to be cold and does not produce new leaves. This will greatly prolong the slow seedling period. If the seriously damaged plants cannot recover after the weather turns warm, they must be supplemented separately. In particular, seedlings that are planted on the edge of the shed film often suffer from growth points.
Response measures: If there is a cold in the cold, and then take measures after adversely affecting the vegetables, then it is already a deadlock, and it is too late. Vegetable farmers should turn passively into active, and improve the resistance of seedlings early in sunny weather, even if it occurs in the cold, it can significantly reduce its impact on vegetable seedlings. Suggest:
First of all, seedlings should be cultivated. Seedlings are strong and their ability to withstand adverse environments will be greatly enhanced. Cultivate strong seedlings, seedling management should pay attention to strengthen the light and control the temperature of the seedbed. In general, most vegetable seedling temperature should be controlled at 25 ~ 30 ° C, 18 ~ 20 ° C at night. Pay attention to reducing the humidity, and the soil of the seedbed should not be too wet. Also need time and seedlings to prevent the formation of "high feet". In the seedling stage, there is generally no topdressing. In order to supplement the nutrition of the seedlings when the seedlings are used for seedlings, it is necessary to carry out the top dressing according to the seedlings. Generally, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed. If the seedling leaves are light, the 0.2% urea solution can be sprayed together, and the seedling period can be sprayed 2 to 3 times.
Secondly, low temperature refining is carried out before planting. The purpose of the seedlings is to increase the adaptability and stress resistance of the seedlings to the cultivation environment. The method is to gradually reduce the temperature of the seedbed 7 to 10 days before planting, control at 18 °C ~ 20 °C during the day, control at 10 °C ~ 12 °C at night, and shorten the resistance of 8 °C ~ 10 °C for a short time to enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings, colonization After the easy to survive. Try to increase the amount of ventilation, pay attention to shading at noon, so that the seedlings are in a cool environment. Also pay attention to controlling the amount of water.
In the adult stage, the spring and cold occur, and when the greenhouse vegetables encounter low temperature hazard, the leaves often dry, the plants are wilting, and the young leaves lose green and yellow. In severe cases, the growth point is dry, and the roots of the ground do not have new roots.
Response measures: Vegetables have strong plants, and their resistance is naturally high. They also suffer from cold springs, and their damage is much lighter. Therefore, robust plants should be cultivated. The following points should be done:
First, the seedlings of vegetable seedlings are very important after slow seedlings. Due to the high temperature of the shed in the current sunny weather, and the sufficient slow seedling water, it is easy to cause the seedlings to grow long. Therefore, temperature control seedlings must be carried out to promote the growth of the seedling roots. The focus is on controlling the night temperature. If the temperature in the shed is high during the day, the night temperature is controlled at around 14 °C. If the weather is not high during the rainy weather, the night temperature should be controlled at around 16 °C. In a few sunny weather, the night temperature can be controlled at around 12 °C to prevent the seedlings from growing.
Second, it is important to cultivate a strong root system. Robust root system is the basis for improving the resistance of vegetables. After slow seedlings, it is necessary to diligently promote the development of roots. After the watering of the seedlings is poured, try to plough as early as possible. For the first time, shallow tillage is required to promote root extension. For the second time, proper deep cultivating is needed to promote the lowering of the root system.
The third is scientific fertilization, which promotes roots and strong trees. According to soil moisture combined with watering and fertilization. It can be used to promote the fruit attack type Fang Run (20:10:30) 10 ~ 15 kg / acre, or apply Bailingke special formula fertilizer. This can not only meet the needs of vegetable growth, but also enhance the effect of ground temperature on root growth.
When the flowering result occurs, the vegetables in the flowering stage are affected by the low temperature, which affects the pollen activity of the flowering at this time, thus affecting pollination and fertilization, often leading to falling flowers and fruit. The low temperature during the flowering period often leads to poor flower bud differentiation, which causes the subsequent flower or fruit to become a deformed flower or a deformed fruit. If the spring falls, the melons may even have a flower topping.
Response measures: Due to the delicate flowering period of vegetables, most of them will fall into the fruit or deformed flowers and fruit when they are victimized. Therefore, taking precautionary measures as soon as possible is the key to maintaining the quality of flowers during the cold spring. Suggest:
First of all, pay attention to the weather forecast in time when the cold spring often occurs, so as to take preventive measures as soon as possible. And pay attention to the temperature before the weather, it is best not to water in the greenhouse, in order to prevent the spread of various diseases caused by low temperature and high humidity.
Secondly, it is necessary to increase the insulation measures when encountering the cold weather, which requires multi-film coverage. Therefore, the insulation film inside the shed should not be removed early. In recent days, the weather has improved significantly and the temperature has risen very quickly. In the interviews between Shouguang City and Qingzhou City, the author found that with the increase of temperature, many vegetable farmers have removed the insulation film (two membranes, three membranes, etc.) in the shed early. The author reminds the vegetable farmers that since the end of March to the beginning of April, there will always be a cold spring, when the external temperature will drop to 3 ° C or even -3 ° C, the temperature inside the shed will also decrease. Suddenly, the temperature drop is too large, which often adversely affects the growth of vegetables in the shed. It is also necessary to cover the second film to increase the temperature inside the shed. Therefore, it is not possible to remove the insulation film in the shed. If the vegetable farmer is afraid that the temperature of the shed is too high, the insulation film in the shed can be placed on both sides of the shed, so that when the cold spring occurs and the temperature in the shed becomes low, the insulation film is fixed on the steel wire on the shed with a clip. It is much better to blindly remove early.
Shed vegetables in the shed to guard against the cold
There are two kinds of cold and cold damage and cold spring frost in spring and cold: the cold damage mainly occurs in March to April, causing damage to spring vegetables, such as rotten roots, dead seedlings, falling flowers and fruit, and early convulsions; late spring frost generally occurs in the middle and late April, making the field The surface of growing vegetable plants is frosted and damaged. In the event of cold spring, the damage in the arch shed is heavy, followed by the greenhouse; the adult plants are more harmful than the seedlings, and the flowering results are the heaviest. Most leafy vegetables have stronger tolerance to low temperature and lighter damage, while melons and solanaceous vegetables have poorer cold tolerance, so they are more affected when they are cold.
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