As a brand-new energy technology, the friction nano-generator (TENG) based on the combination of friction electrification and electrostatic induction can directly convert the tiny mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy, such as the flow of air or water, the rotation of the engine, and even It is the energy produced by friction during walking, talking, heartbeat, muscle contraction and other sports. With the development of electronic information technology, the volume and power consumption of electronic devices and sensors are getting smaller and smaller, and the emergence of TENG, a disruptive technology, also makes many devices no longer need batteries in the future, and obtains energy from their working environment. You can achieve your own power generation. However, due to the high-voltage, low-current and AC pulse output characteristics of TENG itself, there is currently no single type of TENG that can independently, continuously and stably power electronic devices. Both require power management circuits and energy storage devices to achieve stable output. To this end, the research group of Professor Cheng Gang of the Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education / School of Materials of Henan University designed a universal passive power management circuit based on pulsed friction nano-generator (Pulsed-TENG), the output impedance was maximized The degree of reduction, and always maintain the maximum output energy, well solved the traditional TENG high output impedance problems. The research results have recently been published in the international journal Nano Energy. Advantage: zero output impedance Compared with electromagnetic generators, TENG has a higher energy conversion efficiency at a lower operating frequency; compared with piezoelectric nanogenerators, its output voltage and energy are improved by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude. The materials and Energy sources are also more extensive. The effective combination of TENG and electronic devices in a specific working environment to develop self-driven electronic devices or systems is the development direction of wearable electronic devices and sensors in the Internet of Things. In fact, as far as the working principle is concerned, Pulsed-TENG is the same as the traditional TENG, both of which are the coupling of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction effect. However, Pulsed-TENG has a significant advantage-the output impedance is zero. "Traditional TENG has the characteristics of high output voltage, low current, high output impedance (in the order of mega-ohms), and the output is in the form of AC pulses." The first author of the paper, Henan University Special Functional Materials Key Laboratory / School of Materials Dr. Gu Guangqin told China Science News that the equivalent circuit of traditional TENG is a series of a constant voltage source and a variable capacitor. The rate of change of the capacitor is determined by the frequency of movement of TENG. However, TENG usually works at low frequencies (a few Hz to a few tens of Hz), which makes its electrical output only controlled by the movement frequency at a small load, regardless of the output load, which also causes the TENG output impedance to be high root cause. In response to the above problems, Cheng Gang's research group introduced a synchronously triggered mechanical switch at the output of TENG and developed Pulsed-TENG. According to reports, the equivalent circuit of Pulsed-TENG is a series of a constant voltage source, a constant capacitor and a switch. Its electrical output has nothing to do with the movement frequency of TENG and is only controlled by the output load, so its output impedance is zero. This also allows Pulsed-TENG to maintain maximum output voltage and energy without being affected by external impedance. "This is different from the prevalent characteristics of TENG's high internal resistance, which brings new enlightenment for future research in this field." Zhang Chi, a researcher at the Beijing Institute of Nano-Energy and Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, commented on China Science Journal TENG has a large power density, but due to the high output impedance characteristics, its direct charging efficiency for energy storage devices is extremely low, and it cannot directly supply power to powered devices. The progress and breakthrough of effective power management technology of Pulsed-TENG , Is expected to solve the technical bottleneck of TENG practical. From "active" to "passive" Prior to this, many groups developed various active power management circuits, which greatly improved TENG's energy storage efficiency for charging capacitors or batteries. However, because the output impedance of TENG is large and there is a serious impedance mismatch with the power management circuit, it is necessary to introduce active devices in the power management circuit, which also increases the complexity and energy consumption of the circuit. In this regard, Cheng Gang's research group prepared the Pulsed-TENG with unidirectional output, and designed a passive power management circuit using its impedance matching and unidirectional output characteristics. Not only simplifies the circuit structure, but also achieves a total energy storage efficiency of 48.0% during the actual charging process. However, Gu Guangqin told reporters that due to the complicated structure of the one-way switch, its use environment is greatly restricted, and it is difficult to match with a variety of widely used TENGs such as turntable type, so it cannot be used to collect various forms of mechanical energy in the environment. Therefore, they also need to develop a universal passive power management circuit that matches Pulsed-TENG to achieve efficient management and storage of TENG output energy. In this work, Cheng Gang's research group designed a universal passive power management circuit based on Pulsed-TENG. In the simulation, they found that when the matching impedance is 0.001Ω, the output voltage and energy can still reach the maximum value. This shows that the output energy of Pulsed-TENG can be maximized and is not affected by the load resistance, which solves the problem of impedance mismatch between TENG and power management resistance. Gu Guangqin said that they studied the energy storage efficiency of Pulsed-TENG's passive power management circuit based on electrostatic vibration switches through simulation and actual testing. The simulation results show that the total energy storage efficiency can reach 83.6%. In the actual charging test, the energy storage efficiency is 57.8%. The electrical energy stored in this circuit can drive electronic devices such as commercial calculators and temperature and humidity sensors. In this regard, Zhang Chi believes that this data also represents that the power management circuit designed by it has been a strategy that can be adopted for practical industrial applications. In addition, through simple circuit design to achieve effective power management, the method is simple and easy to provide, and provides a theoretical basis for future array and large-scale applications. Industrialization still faces challenges Due to solving the problem of high output impedance of TENG, Pulsed-TENG will have important application prospects in TENG-based self-driving energy packets, self-driving sensors and their systems and networks. "But for now, there are still many problems to be solved if Pulsed-TENG is to be industrialized. First, it faces the design and preparation of multi-mode, high-performance Pulsed-TENG." Gu Guangqin admitted. In this regard, Cheng Gang's research group has started research. Gu Guangqin said that they will proceed from the design of Pulsed-TENG and integrate all the technical methods and methods in the field of TENG to increase the charge density of the TENG dielectric friction layer, improve its output characteristics, reduce friction resistance and wear, and improve its durability. ,stability. In addition, a variety of mechanical switches will be developed to make it suitable for more models and more types of Pulsed-TENG, thereby expanding the application range of Pulsed-TENG. Not only that, Gu Guangqin said that the current power management circuit only efficiently stores the electric energy output by TENG in the capacitor, but the capacitor is only a temporary storage device for electric energy and cannot output a stable voltage to the outside. Therefore, there is a need to develop more efficient and multi-functional power management circuits that not only output stable voltages, but also manage and distribute the output power to meet the needs of different sensors. "There are always many difficulties in the industrial application of each new invention. This is a process that new technologies must go through to consumers." In Zhang Chi's view, TENG-based air purifiers, automobile exhaust treatment devices, and night running glow Shoes, etc. have been successfully incubated. At present, Pulsed-TENG has achieved a lot of results in the experimental stage. The key to marketization is to find the place where such inventions are really needed, namely "pain points". To this end, Zhang Chi suggested that Pulsed-TENG collect low-frequency, low-amplitude characteristics to find places where such applications are needed. In addition, in order to realize the project as soon as possible, the initial prototype design is also indispensable. He suggested that the research and development and promotion of the prototype should be done while the laboratory results are reported. (■Reporter Li Huiyu) Electroplated Diamond Flat Lap Disk
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