The ANQ is used to simulate the EQ6111 air spring, so that the simulation process should be as close as possible to its test conditions. However, due to the irregularity of the air spring structure and the complex diversity of materials, some assumptions and approximations have to be taken for the model: it is assumed that during the deformation of the air spring, the cord angle and the cord spacing remain unchanged, and the cord is in the capsule. The arrangement angle of any place relative to the weft is the same, so the Solid46 layer unit can be used to describe the ply; the modeling of the air spring in ANSYS adopts the mode of the node generating unit, (considering the cost of calculation), the air spring capsule inside and outside The surface curve is approximated by a series of polyline lines. Model and boundary conditions According to the air spring structure and material characteristics, the finite element model <6> of the EQ6111 air spring is generated in ANSYS by adopting the mode of the node generating unit. The upper and lower covers and the traveler are regarded as rigid entities, which are simulated by Solid45 solid elements; the outer and inner layers are rubber superelastic materials, which are simulated by Hyper58 unit; the ply is anisotropic composite, which is made of Solid46 layer unit. Simulation; the upper and lower covers and the capsule are in surface contact with each other. The upper and lower covers are rigid. The Targe 170 is used to simulate the rigid side of the cover side, and the Conta173 is used to simulate the flexible contact unit on the side of the capsule. In order to make the air spring simulation process as close as possible to its test conditions, the determination of boundary conditions is of great significance. Since the deformation process of the air spring is a geometrically nonlinear process, the constraints and loads are applied in the order of the test. The air spring upper and lower cover plates are fully restrained, the inner wall is uniformly distributed with internal pressure load, and the outer wall non-contact area is applied with uniform atmospheric pressure load to solve the inflation pressure stage of the simulated air spring. Then, a progressive displacement load is applied to the upper cover plate to solve the loading process. The overall finite element model and load boundary conditions for the EQ6111 air spring are shown. Multi-step analysis and multi-step analysis of discrete summation The gas in the air spring capsule is a difficult point in the simulation process. Although the FSI analysis mode of ANSYS supports the structural-fluid coupling analysis calculation, it is subject to structural complexity and regularity. limits. Therefore, the gas in the capsule can only be applied to the inner wall of the capsule in the form of a pneumatic load. During the action, the air pressure load changes with the deformation of the air spring capsule, and the change of the air pressure is related to the capsule volume. Depending on the gas in the capsule, the equation is: PVn=P0Vn0(1) where P is the internal pressure after deformation of the capsule; V is the volume after deformation of the capsule; P0 is the initial internal pressure of the capsule; V0 is the initial volume of the capsule; n is Changeable index. In the formula (1), the value of n is related to the process. For the static process, the gas state is considered to be an isothermal process, and the multivariate index of the equation is n=1. For the dynamic process, the change of the gas is considered to be an adiabatic process. The multivariate index of the equation is n=114. Not only that, the deformation of the air spring capsule also exhibits significant large deformation characteristics and geometric nonlinearity. In order to solve the problem of air pressure load and geometric nonlinearity, the idea of ​​multi-step analysis is adopted, that is, the loading process is discretized into enough load steps. Due to each load step, the deformation of the capsule is very small, the air pressure load can be considered to be unchanged, and the deformation of the air spring is calculated by ANSYS analysis, and then the volume V of the capsule after deformation is determined by the capsule volume calculation macro. Equation) Find P. Further, the air pressure applied to the inner wall of the capsule is changed, and the external load is increased by one load step, and the analysis of the next load step is performed <7>. Analysts can divide the step size according to the accuracy and time cost they require. The flow chart of the multi-step analysis is as shown. Based on this idea, based on the finite element model of the node generation unit, a discrete summation method is used to solve the volume V after capsule deformation after the end of each load step. The discrete summation method will be described in detail below.
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